The Care, feeding and homoeopathic treatment of children

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Ut&SSLM

Grift Of Dr.T.N.I^Iehart

t

Ul

The

Care, Feeding and

Homoeopathic Treatment

°f

Children

h

William Bttrickt, M. D.

Trtlant «T UtUrim MiMti'iind Thteimli, af thi Bmhtmmni
Bmiflul C,lli,i ,1 fan Ainlm,

"A Ctmnni itibi FrHultlu if BtmtftMlkr."
"Manual ,t Mauri* MHHt," lit.

•M

Second Edition

San Francisco
Botritkt and Runyon Company

IQII

St. 7
1311

K. F. B.

the ideal mother
in grateful recognition of htr marvtlmi
intuitive ktwwltdgt of everything per-
taining to the ivelfare ofchtidhetd
and her untiring dpvttian
in it! application

Mi tittle hoi is dedicated by

%\t Sulfide

4075>0

Copyright
WIU.IAM BOERICKE

CONTENTS

The first month of infancy 9

How to feed the infant 24

Weaning and food for older children 49

The diseases of early infancy 60

The teething period 67

Growth, development and Hygiene 76

General therapeutic measures 87

Homoeopathy in diseases of children 95

Special indications for Hommopathic remedies 96

Homoeopathy and heredity 115

Manifestation of disease in children 118

Diseases and their Homoeopathic treatment ISO

Preface

This little book is intended to render real service
to young mothers in supplying common-sense in-
formation on a most vitally important subject. In
view of the fact that some three hundred thousand
babies died in the United States last year before
they reached their second birthday, largely on ac-
count of lack of knowledge of proper feeding and
hygienic care, together with the indiscriminate use
of hurtful drugs, especially modern coal tar prod-
acts, it seems to me that any effort to spread
rational knowledge on the essentials of care and
feeding of young children, together with calling
attention to the blessings of a scientific medicinal
treatment as practiced by the homosopathic school
of medicine, is to be welcomed.

The directions contained in this book are the
results of the author's experience in treating chil-
dren for the past thirty years, and while theories
come and go, the practical things advocated here
have stood the test of time and can be relied upon.
WnjJAM Boebicke, M. D.

Ban Francisco, Cal., March, 1911.

THE FIRST MONTH OF INFANCY.

No creature is bo helpless at birth as the human
infant. In order that it may survive at all, it needs
all the protection and care that the parents can
give it. The principles underlying this protection
and care are so few and simple that they are within
the reach of all, and if carried out would banish
much suffering and discomfort and frequent doc-
tors' visits from the lot of the little ones. They are
embraced in cleanliness, warmth, suitable nourish-
ment and rest. Keep your baby warm, clean, and
dry; give it plenty of pure air, just sufficient suit-
able food, and secure for him plenty of rest, and you
fulfill the ideal conditions for its health and happi-
ness; and its ready, responsive growth, in such a
genial and well-adapted environment, will delight
you from day to day.

Now simple as these conditions are, it is aston-
ishing how comparatively few babies are permitted
to enjoy the comfort their application gives, simply
because it is a comparatively rare thing to see these
principles applied in the daily routine of a baby's
life intelligently and really thoughtfully. Many of
baby's discomforts originate from the neglect of
these first principles, and the prevention of much
illness lies in their rigid adoption ; not, when it is
too late to ostracize the enemy you yourself have
called np by drugging and dosing.

As the child enters the world, at once an ocean of
tactile impressions surrounds it. Something touches
its sensitive skin; let it be something soft, warm,
pleasant, tender; nothing hard, rough, harsh or
cold. See that the room is warm, pleasant and
shaded, so that no cold or chilly atmosphere may
excite the cutaneous nerves and no glare of light
irritate his eyes. The temperature of the room
should be 76° P. for the first week. Even our best
care will not prevent an outburst of loud protest
with which he greets his new environment; we
welcome his lusty cry of self-assertion with which
he establishes the function of his lungs. This is
brought about by the sudden contact with the outer
air, which is a shock to the new-born infant. There-
fore the first thing the new-born babe does is to
scream in a burst of displeasure at the unwelcome
change. It is the first sign that there is a human
soul within endowed with human freedom, for no
animal cries when born, not even the monkey,
neither mother nor child. The shock of the outside
air should start respiration; the babe ought to gasp
as soon as born, to start free inspiration. By that
act alone he becomes a citizen of this world and can
begin his career for eternal life. Should the babe
not cry, ascertain at once whether it is breathing.
It may be necessary to clear the mouth of mucus,
sprinkling cold water over it or slapping the hack,
before respiration be fully established. Should
these measures fail, others must be tried persistently
so long as the heart beats. Alternate applications

of hot and cold water — five seconds in cold water,
just for the shock; one minute in hot 110° F. Arti-
ficial respiration, by laying child on back and regu-
larly sweeping its arms over head and down to
sides, about thirty times a minute. These measures
will usually be sufficient for all ordinary cases.
Warmth is most essential to re-establish vitality,
and in your efforts at resuscitation do not forget to
look out for this. The three grand principles gov-
erning the treatment of asphyxia neonatorum, as
this condition is called, when they do not breathe
at birth is:

(1) Maintain the body heat.

(2) Free air-passages from obstruction.

(3) Stimulate respiration.

The importance of keeping baby warm is not gen-
erally appreciated. The infant is wet, exposure, is
often prolonged, evaporation is rapid, the body tem-
perature sinks rapidly. At the same time air-
passages must be cleared. Wipe the throat with the
little finger covered with the corner of a soft napkin
while the child is held up by the ankl es, This ex-
cites cough, and the mucus is expelled.

Watch asphyxiated children and such as were
delivered by severe operative procedures; they
should be watched for first hours and days; their
lungs sometimes fill up and cause secondary as-
phyxia, else you may find such a one dead in the
crib.

If the baby cries vigorously, there is no need of
hurry to tie the cord ; indeed, it is advisable to wait
until the pulsations cease. But in cage the baby is
purple or gaspmg, cut the cord and allow a few
teaspoon fuls of blood to escape. In tying use two
ligatures, the nearest about two inches from the
child. Before leaving the baby in its blanket, see
that the cord is not bleeding.

First Services. One of the most important is to
wipe the eyelids and eyebrows clean, which includes
the little fists at the same time, as they will be rub-
bing the eyes. While the baby is lying in its warm
corner waiting for its first cleansing, the nurse
ought occasionally to listen for the baby's breathing
inside the blanket. A smothered cry now and then
is reassuring.

The first care is to have it warm. Within its
blanket it needs but little air; enough filters
through the blanket. Do not begin its first bath
before you have selected a snug, warm corner, free
from draughts and strong light. Have everything
ready before you begin. ■ When once begun, it must
be done speedily. Unless the baby is strong and
normal, better dispense with the bath. Warm sweet
oil inunction and cotton batting are then more nec-
essary to preserve its feeble life.

The First Bath. Have everything ready. Be

sure about this. Have everything within easy reach.

See that you have olive oil, white castile soap,

powder-box, bath towel or soft blanket for lap, and

> 12

a thermometer to test the temperature of the water,
which should be 96° to 100° F. Do not trust your
hand. Remember that the recent home of the little
newcomer was very warm, the temperature being
between 98° and 99°.

The first bath should be given to all infants soon
after birth, except in those oases where extreme
weakness makes it inadvisable. Here simply anoint-
ing with olive oil will answer every purpose until
the child grows stronger; and in every case pre-
pare for the first bath by rubbing every part of
the body, especially the scalp and between the
thighs and under arm-pits, with warm sweet oil, for
the purpose of dissolving and detaching the coagu-
lum, the "cheesy mass," which more or less envel-
ops the newly born. Besides, the oil is soothing
and comforting to the sensitive, tender surface.
Having anointed the baby all over, with a soft
sponge or very soft flannel cloth and warm water
and a little white castile soap wash every part, and
then finish with a quick plunge in the little tub,
after which envelop him in the warm, large, soft
flannel apron, for thorough drying. Before this is
done the eyes should be demised with a piece of soft
linen or absorbent cotton and luke-warm water,
preferably adding a small teaspoonful of salt to
about one pint of water, but if pus appears in the
eyes, notify the physician. Meanwhile make a solu-
tion of boracic acid, using about ten grains to one
'ounce of warm water, and wash with absorbent
cotton every hour.

When dried, powder with cornstarch or talcum.
Everything about the first bath must be done speed-
ily. Let the exposure be as slight and as short as
possible. Before going on to dressing, see that
the hands and feet are not blue and cold. In order
to do everything expeditiously as possible, every
needful article must be within reach and collected
together beforehand. Be sure about this, as nothing
is so trying to everybody, especially the little vic-
tim, as looking for some necessary thing with the
naked and wet baby in your lap.

The bath may be given to every healthy infant
every morning. For very restless babies, an even-
ing bath may insure a good night.

A perfectly clean, new, soft sponge or a wash-rag
made of flannel or of diaper cloth should be used
for applying soap. All the folds and creases must
be soaped, but do not force anything into the ears
or allow water to remain there. Under no circum-
stances listen to any directions for cleansing the
little genitals more than the outer surface. It is a
fad at present for the extreme, up-to-date physician
to give minute directions in this particular. It is
uncalled for as a routine measure. (See Phi-
mosis.) Take special care to dry those parts of the
body where the natural folds of the body form
crevices in which moisture may be retained. This
may produce chafing and excoriations. If this is
done carefully, the powder is practically useless.

Gently rubbing the body and especially the back
with the palm of the hand is advisable after the

bath and must be grateful to the babe, and is often
sufficient to quiet restless and nervous attacks.

Soap. The too liberal use of soap for infants is
open to objections, and its use must be watched.
The alkali in the soap is the objectionable thing.
Often from its use the skin, which should be like
velvet, becomes harsh and dry. Warm, soft water
is usually sufficient to remove the dirt without the
natural dressing — the oily sebaceous nourishment
to the skin from within, which renders it soft and
pliable. This the lye of the soap dissolves, leaving
the skin dry and hard.

The Cord. The next thing in order is the dress-
ing of the cord. This is a remnant of its pre-natal
existence, and nature gets rid of it by a drying
process. The true care of the cord, therefore, con-
sists in aiding nature in its method of separation,
not by the usual method of excluding evaporation
and besmearing it with salves, etc., but simply
keeping it like every other part of the baby's body,
dry and clean. HowT Simply washing it, drying
and wrapping it in absorbent cotton or sterilized
gauze. In a few days it will come off, and now a
little calendula cerate applied to the navel will
prevent any further trouble here. While the cord
. is still attached it should be laid to the left, under-
neath the belly-band. This is to be pinned (on
the side) with safety pins, which should lie cross-
wise of the body.

15

Belly-Band. In regard to the belly-band, yon
need it, of course, until the navel is healed, after
which time it becomes questionable whether it is
performing any use. While not really essential
now, I cannot consider it a "hoary nuisance," and
really do not think it prudent to leave it off for six
months, simply because it protects the abdominal
region from cold and exposure, and tendency to
diarrhoea. But it must not be so tight as to impede
respiration, or interfere with the various dimen-
sions of the abdomen from feeding. Knitted woolen
bands are the best; these accommodate themselves
to the size of the body. A lapel knitted on the
lower edge may be pinned to the napkin to prevent
the slipping up.

The napkins should be the softest material and
of good size. For very young infants, cotton dia-
pers are softer than linen and absorb better. The
baby must not be left any longer than can pos-
sibly be helped in soiled or wet diapers. The
napkins need your constant attention. Replace
them at once with clean and dry ones; and when
changed the parts soiled should first be wiped clean
with a soft cloth moistened in warm water, and
then thoroughly dried by gentle pressure with a
soft, dry, warm towel, and lastly dusted with baby
powder consisting simply of cornstarch or talcum.
Cornstarch alone, or mixed with a little powdered
orris-root, makes the best baby powder, much more
preferable than the perfumed packages of drug-
gists', which frequently contain sulphate of lime or

even more violent poisons. Calend-talc is probably
tbe best of all these preparations. Never be guilty
of the abomination of drying napkins in the nurs-
ery, or, indeed, anywhere, before they are washed,
for remember that the napkins should always be
washed and rinsed, using but little soap, and dried
well before being used again, and always boiled
thoroughly, once, or, better, twice a week. Pew
mothers realize the necessity of washing a diaper
after being used by the baby, and hence the need of
dwelling on this point. Almost every ease of chaf-
ing, soreness between thighs, "red gum," etc., is due
to neglect here. Absolute- cleanliness and dryness,
rather than medicines, are the indications for
treatment.

Diapering the Baby. The following advice
from "Babyhood" is too valuable to be omitted here :

"There are ways and ways of diapering a baby,
and experience only will teach how to do it at once
quickly, neatly, and in such a manner that the
article will not be found binding the little
feet together instead of in its proper place. The
napkin should be fairly snug around the waist —
snug enough to hold it in place without binding
the child's abdomen — and should be pinned to the
shirt or band when one is worn. A square of strong
white cotton sewed on the shirt or band just where
it meets the diaper will prevent the shield-pins
from tearing tbe woolen fabric. Tuck the corners
of the diaper well in, folding the right-hand one
IT

under the left leg and the left-hand one under the
right leg, but be careful in doing this not to draw
the ends too tight. Serious trouble with boy babies
has arisen from too great constriction over the deli-
cate little parte. Having fastened the long stockings
up in such a way as to fit the napkin about the legs
like a pair of drawers, baby's toilet in this particu-
lar is complete.

"But, artistic as your work may be, do not hesitate
to undo it the moment the cloth is discovered to be
wet. This is the point which I wish especially to
make, and which is so often overlooked. A child
will take eold when not. dry as speedily as if its
clothes were saturated with pure water, nurse to
the contrary notwithstanding. Indeed, a wet diaper
is much worse for a child than a cloth wrung out
of pure water, because urine is at once impure and
an excoriating fluid. If the little one is chafed —
and how many babies are, even in this enlightened
age — the wet diaper is a positive cruelty, smarting
sharply upon the already sore surface. It is rare to
find baby's hands warm when his diaper is wet, and
every moment it is left wet is as bad as, if not
worse than, a moment spent in a draught of damp
air. How many mothers, who habitually neglect
this point, would think of allowing baby to run
about in wet shoes or in a damp pair of sleevest
Yet the bowels and legs ought to be quite as care-
fully kept dry."

Clothing. Besides cleanliness and warmth, the

other great factor of baby's comfort and good

18

nature is its clothing. The principles underlying
this problem are also few and easily fulfilled. First
of all, the garments should be simple and few. They
must be warm and soft. Pressure must be avoided,
so as not to interfere with the motions of the child.
Too tight clothing may interfere with the breathing
or digestion, while if too loose, it will form wrinkles
and bunches. The "Gertrude suit" fulfills all these
conditions. It is composed of three distinct gar-
ments, yet shaped exactly alike, which can all be
put on together. For the benefit of young and
inexperienced mothers, the following detailed de-
scription of baby's wardrobe is prepared by one
who has given much thought to the subject, based
upon practical experience:

"First of all, if you can indulge in such a luxury,
provide your baby always with the soft, hand-knit
shirts; for comfort, warmth, and flexibility they
have no equal, and are particularly desirable on
account of being so easy to slip on and off over
baby's head, for nothing is more distressing to a
child than a stiff, uncomfortable shirt pulled over
its head.

"Next to this in desirability is the shirt made of
softest silk flannel, which washes beautifully and
does not shrink, and which should be opened and
buttoned all the way down, in order to secure the
child's comfort in changing.

"Next comes the pinning blanket, which is not a
necessity, but a very good thing for the first two

months, especially for delicate children, since it
promotes warmth to the lower extremities. How-
ever, if the child thrives, leave it off entirely, thus
giving the little one more freedom of its limbs, and
use instead a square, the size of baby's diaper, made
of cotton flannel (being less heating), hound with
simple flannel binding; this folded and placed just
under the diaper, and then wrapped loosely around
the child's body, protects the other clothes, absorbs
moisture and, best of all, can easily be slipped out
and changed for a warm, dry one. Think how much
easier for both mother and child than to have to
undress the baby and take off the pinning blanket,
or retain this with the odor and discomfort.

"Next comes the flannel skirt, which should be
long enough to cover the toes and gathered on to a
linen waist with arnirholes, but no sleeves, to be
buttoned up and down lie back with fiat linen but-
tons, to which can be attached the white skirt, thus
simplifying the process of dressing and adding
much to baby's comfort. Be sure to button the
two skirts together before commencing the toilet;
by so doing you avoid tiresome turning the child
back and 1 forth. Over the skirt a slip of simple
white, easily laundried material, with sleeves a lit-
tle longer than the shirt, completes the wardrobe.

"Avoid the habit of bundling up the baby in
sacks, shawls, etc. Let it become accustomed to
change of atmosphere and the temperature of a well-
aired room, always using discretion in the case of a
delicate child.

Now for the night apparel, which for the first
two months is often used for both day and night
purposes, always having a change of shirt, however,
as described above ; besides, a little night petticoat
of flannel, made all in one piece, without sleeves,
buttoned in front, loose and flowing down below the
toes; last, the little white night-slip, made of cool,
muslin material. The sleeves of the flannel shirt
and of the little white slip are all that are neces-
sary over a baby's arms, with proper bed covering,
which should be warm and light. Many children
are made restless at night by heavy, burdensome
covering and hot flannel double gown and wrap-
pers. A soft, knitted blanket, not a comforter,
thrown over the shoulders when taken out of a
warm bed is all the further protection it needs
against the possibility of taking cold. Before the
night dress change is made, rub baby's back and
extremities and toast its toes before au open fire, if
possible. Always be sure that the little feet are
warm, for no child can sleep well with eold feet.

The new-born babe, having been made clean,
warm and properly dressed, should be placed in a
crib upon a soft mattress without a pillow, or at best
a small hair pillow — never any made of feathers —
preferably upon its right side ; covered comfortably
and allowed to take a quiet sleep.

Sleep. The infant ought to sleep most of the
time. After you are sure it is comfortable, dry and
warm, lav it down and let it alone. Do not tempt

it by rocking, carrying, giving breast or nipple,
Even if it cries a little it is not well immediately
to take it np. Turn the pillow, turn it on its side,
smooth its clothing and often it will drop off to sleep
again. Look ont for glaring light, sun or artificial,
noise, etc. This is all true theoretically. But do not
forget that the young thing needs warmth above all
things. Sleep depends on habit and mild but de-
cided purpose. A lack of firmness in the early
months of the baby's life may not only render its
early years a burden to itself, but an annoyance to
the entire household. If the child is sick and rest-
less, the nurse may take it in her arms and sing to
it and coddle it ; but if well, this is unwise. It is
well to warm the sheets before the baby is put to
bed, by means of a hotwater bottle or electric pad,
as it cannot be too frequently repeated that an
infant's body is very easily chilled, and a child will
go to sleep more quickly if it is wrapped up in a
cosy and warm bed.

Airing Out of Doors. After the child is about
one month old it may be taken out for an airing on
pleasant days between the hours of 10 a. m. to 3 p,
m. Avoid cold winds and direct rays of the sun
into baby's eyes. Many a nurse is careless about
the latter. There is no objection at all to permitting
the child to sleep out of doors. On the contrary,
sleeping porches testify to the popularity and bene-
fits of open-air life, both day and night.

Regularity in nursing life is very essential. A
child that is put to bed a certain hour every day
will quickly fall into the habit of sleeping regularly
and soundly. Never allow a child to sleep on its
mother's breast or with the nipple in its mouth.
On the other hand, every baby loves to be cuddled
up and feel the bodily warmth of mother or nurse.
Hold it tight against you. If it seems uncomfort-
able, brace its tempestuous little belly with your
warm palm and breathe comforting things into its
eagerly receptive body, for every mother instinct-
ively knows the miraculous healing charm of cooing
her tender sympathy and solicitude into baby's ears.
Regularity should be strictly observed in the hours
for feeding, bathing, taking the nap and retiring at
night. Also, after very few months, he must be put
on the chair to pass water at regular intervale and
to have a movement of the bowels at the same time
every day.

I wish to protest against the cold, matter-of-fact,
theoretical rules of training the infant uninter-
preted and softened by common sense and affec-
tionate, sympathetic understanding of the needs of
the young life.

I wish to protest, also, to your blind obedi-
ence to these rules given you off-hand by young
physicians and dogmatic text-books. Common sense
must ever be your guide.

Resume. The new-born baby should have clean,
dry, warm, soft, loose clothing, drink suitable milk
at regular intervals, breathe day and night a warm,

pure atmosphere, be kept absolutely clean and dry,
and protected from all strong sensory impressions,
so as to enable it to sleep most of the time. Regu-
larity is the key-note of successful nursery manage-
ment. The early adoption and faithful enforce-
ment — not necessarily iron-clad enforcement — of a
schedule for infant's feeding, sleeping, bathing and
habits, arranged after careful study of its pecuhar-
ities and changed with advancing age, is a
wise act, and will repay in producing happy,
healthy, responsive children and happy homes.

The first bath and dressing having been accom-
plished, and the baby enjoyed its first nap, it is
now ready to make attempts at nursing, which
introduces at once the important chapter pn

HOW TO FEED THE INFANT.
As a rule, it is well to put the child to the breast
after the first long nap of the mother, which is so
essential to her welfare and speedy recovery, though
the baby probably needs no nourishment for the
first twelve hours. However, in order to appease
its crying, should it do so persistently, and the
anxious fears of the household lest it be starved, a
teaspoonful of warm, sweetened water now and then
may be given. The very fact that the breasts do
not secrete true milk until after two days, shows
that it is not essential to the child, although the
fluid found in them at this time, the so-called colo-
strum, contains necessary salts, and by its slightly

purging effect acts quite wholesomely on the con-
tents of the child's intestinal tract. Again, the
influence of suckling reacts favorably upon the
mother's organism, aiding the re-establishment of
the natural state of things. Of course it is prac-
tically impossible to do otherwise for the first week
or two, but give baby the breast whenever it
awakes, perhaps every hour and a half or two hours,
but as soon as possible it will be advisable to estab-
lish regular times for feeding: every two hours
during the day, and every four hours at night—
that is, one meal between 9 p. m. and 5 a. m. ; but
after three or four months this night meal should
be omitted in the case of every healthy child, and
the day meals given every three hours. The dura-
tion of a meal is usually twenty minutes, and it may
be prolonged, especially with weakly infants, to
thirty and thirty-five minutes. A really healthy
babe does not sleep during nursing, but afterwards.
There may be some difficulty at first in getting the
baby to suckle. It must be trained to it, and it often
requires a good deal of patience and knack on the
part of the nurse. There are a few points worthy
of special remembrance. The mouth of the infant
and the nipple of the mother should be carefully
wiped with a soft cloth dipped in warm water be-
fore and after each nursing, and the breasts them-
selves protected from every pressure. The baby's
head must be so held that it cannot jerk backwards,
and the nose must not be pressed into the breast,
for obviously then it cannot breathe. The hori-

zontal position is best while the mother is conval-
escing, thus securing her rest and protecting the
pelvic organs from pressure by weight; but fre-
quently all sorts of positions must be tried before
the baby's efforts at nursing prove successful. As
a general rule, the baby should always be fed when
in the semi-erect position; never when lying down.
Breast-babies are in the proper position when the
mother or wet-nurse is sitting up. Excepting, per-
haps, occasionally at night, when the mother or
nurse is too tired to sit up and nurse her baby,
breast-babies do very well in this regard. But
bottle-babies are too apt to be fed while lying down.
The infant's stomach is so constructed that food is
easily regurgitated, especially from the horizontal
position. Therefore, babies fed in this position are
unable either to get a sufficient amount of nourish-
ment or to retain all that which they do get a
sufficient length of time to have it absorbed. Again,
the liver is relatively very large in the infant, and
when baby is lying down encroaches upon the
capacity of the stomach to such an extent that a
sufficient quantity of food cannot be taken.

The quantity of milk which a mother secretes
during the first few weeks is about one pint in
twenty-four hours. As the needs of the child grow,
the amount is correspondingly increased. If there
is abundance of milk, one breast is enough for one
nursing and the baby empties it after ten to fifteen
minutes, is satisfied, falls asleep and should be at
once removed. If it eets too much, it will regurgi-
20

tate the milk, which need not alarm you, as it is not
a true vomiting. About two ounces is the usual
quantity of a meal at this early time.

If the mother has a sufficient supply of healthy
mil It, the child needs absolutely nothing else for the
first eight or nine months, or until the teeth begin to
appear. Unfortunately, many mothers cannot, and
some who could will not, fulfill this highest use to
their offspring. Frequently, too, after the fourth
or fifth month, the mother's milk decreases or be-
comes deteriorated in quality, or her strength suf-
fers in consequence of the nursing, and so it becomes
necessary to substitute some sort of artificial feed-
ing. This need is met by innumerable infant's
foods advertised everywhere, and the market be-
comes thus flooded with all kinds of substitutes of
mothers' milk; all of which, when compared with
nature's article, are inferior to it, without any ex-
ception, and most of them only more or less objec-
tionable. In choosing a substitute we must remem-
ber to secure one that bears closest resemblance to
mother's milk. This must ever be our guiding
principle; but, further, we must also bear in mind
that the infant's assimilative powers are very
limited, and that it reacts violently against im-
perfectly digested substances.

Remember, that Homoeopathy possesses remedies
that greatly modify abnormal conditions of lacta-
tion, and these should first be tried before resorting
to artificial food.

27

By their means a poor quality of mother's milk
may be improved, or an insufficient quantity in-

If the milk supply is insufficient, the diet must be
made as nourishing as possible with a good amount
of albuminous and fat-producing materials. Mas-
sage, stroking the breast toward the nipple and
kneading it gently by the nurse if her hand is soft,
preferably when empty. It is important that the
child should nurse well ; this favors the production
of milk. Only one breast should be nursed at a
time, so as to empty it entirely. Each nursing
should not last more than about twenty minutes,
and the intervals between nursings should be long.

Again, if the mother's supply is limited and must
be supplemented by artificial feeding, do not hesi-
tate to let the baby have as much breast milk as
obtainable. The two methods of feeding are not
incompatible. Especially during illness, the breast
milk, though scanty, may prove sufficient to tide
over a dangerous crisis.

Mother's milk is the one perfect food for the
baby. There is no true substitute. None furthers in
the same degree the physiological development of
the child. None is so sorely a prophylactic against
dangers of the first year. It alone is the guide for
preparation of all substitutes. One of the great
differences between woman's milk and other milks
is that woman's milk is richer in lecithin, which
forms a large part of the brain and nerves. The
need for this is seen in the difference of nervous

development at birth between the young of animal^
and man. The latter needs material for building
up its nervous system, which is practically already
formed in animals at birth, and this is found in
woman's milk. But while we may closely approx-
imate the different constituents, we always shall
miss that mysterious and vital action that in each
case adapts the condition of the milk to the con-
dition of the child, and which is not revealed by
the microscope or chemical analysis. Herein lies
the difficulty of artificial feeding. Even a milk
that our chemical analysis proves to be lacking in
some constituents may be the best possible food for
the infant at that time, and we should be very
chary in taking the chUd from the breast if the
health of both mother and child is fairly good.

The artificial food, while containing all the neces-
sary nutritive elements in the Bame proportion as
mothers' milk, must be free also from all foreign
matter liable to produce mischief in the digestive
tract — as foods containing starch, too much sugar,
etc. "What shall it be f is the important question to
be solved. Naturally enough our first thought is
cow's milk; not necessarily milk from one cow, as
was held so strenuously some years past, but good,
pure cow's milk, such as ought to be obtainable at
all times. Only be sure it is delivered to you clean
and in as pure a state as possible and undiluted.
This in our larger cities, is provided for by estab-
lishments furnishing "certified milk." Now, by
comparing both kinds of milk with each other, we

notice certain differences of composition, which we
must bear in mind in order to prepare cow's milk
in the most acceptable form for the baby's power of
digestion ; that is, by bringing its composition most
nearly to that of mothers' milk. Without going into
the minute analysis, it will be sufficient to call atten-
tion to one or two of the chief differences in their
composition.

CHEMICAL: ANALYSIS AVERAGE FIOUKES.

Suppose we have 1,000 parts of human milk, we
have 880 parts water, 120 parts solid. The solid
matter is divided into casein 27, sugar 50, fat 40,
salt 3. Notice there is no starch. Specific gravity
1,028. It is alkaline in reaction and 98-100° F.
temperature. The accepted average percentages of
the chief nutritive constituents of milk are as fol-
lows:

HUMAN MILK. COW'S MILK.

Fat 4% 4%

Proteida 1 to 2% 4%

Sugar 7% 4%

It is very difficult to get unvarying analyses, be-
cause it is not an invariable fluid, any more than
any other animal fluid. Nature tries to adapt the
milk to the child's condition: The digestive capa-
bilities of infants differ, and nature provides a
variety of breast milks accordingly. Therefore, no
routine mixture will in all cases prove successful.
No iron-clad rule holds good for a living body.

Of the ingredients of milk, we find that cow's
milk contains decidedly more proteids and salts

and less sugar, and about equal amount of fat
For all practical purposes, therefore, we approach
very nearly the composition of mother's milk by
simply diluting cow's milk with water and adding
sugar of milk. The water for this purpose should
be previously boiled. It is not advisable to dilate
the milk, except perhaps for the first few days,
with more than an equal amount of water, since
by a greater dilution we lessen the quantity of fat
contained in the milk too much, which is a very im-
portant factor in the development of the infant's
organism. After a few months, two or even three
parts of milk to one of water will give the right
proportion.

Top Milk. By the addition of cream or use of top
milk the fat percentage is retained, yet experience
proves that children thrive even better by the use of
cow's milk as a whole. As Prof. Jacobi recently said,
"The frequent injury inflicted by fat feeding is
being rediscovered. The top-milk gospel is a
heresy." That is my experience when top milk is
used as a routine measure ; but when fat is needed,
it is of great benefit.

The difference in the quantity and also in the be-
havior in coagulating of the casein forms the most
important practical difference between the two
kinds of milk. For while the mother's milk coag-
ulates in minute particles, that of the cow causes
a curd of comparatively large tough masses, which
fact explains its more difficult digestion, requiring

ai

more time for the digestive fluids to penetrate and
dissolve them. Now, it iB a fact that the addition
of lime water, securing as it does the alkalinity of
the milk, also makes a difference in the formation
of the coagulum, and it is quite rational practice
on the theoretical grounds to use the same. Still I
should prefer to avoid its regular and continuous
use and employ it only at times, or when gastric
irritation plainly calls for it. The best substitute,
then, for mother's milk during the entire period
of infancy is cow's milk suitably modified.

Top milk is the upper third or half of the milk
which is taken off after it has stood for six or eight
hours. It contains three times as much cream and
less curd and other solids. If this is diluted with
two parts of water and sugar added, it is nearly like
mothers' milk. While this is theoretically true, I
have often found that many babies do not digest
food containing the prescribed quantity of cream
and thrive perfectly on food deprived of it for a
time.

Given then clean, fresh, pure cow's milk, kept in
absolutely clean bottles, we need but the addition
of a certain proportion of boiled water and sugar
of milk to make the most acceptable practical sub-
stitute for mother's milk. Such a milk ought not to
be sterilized or pasteurized — merely heated to the
proper temperature. Top-milk mixtures, pasteur-
ized mixtures, all other modified mixtures by vari-
ous additions are not advisable, and are unnecessary
in well children, provided the milk is all right. To

insure this, there must be the strictest possible offi-
cial supervision of the product from the dairy to
the consumer. The following are the simple meth-
ods of preparing such clean, fresh, pure cow's milk :

DIRECTIONS FOB MODIFYING COw's MILK.

The following receipts will change cow's milk
into food mixtures suitable for infante up to one
year:

FOB FTBST MONTH.

Cow's milk 1 t&blespoonful

Bailed water 2 tablespoon fills

Sugar of milk. small % teaspoonful

This amount should be given every two hours.
Strong and large children may need rather more;
others less.

After first month to third month, cow's milk and
boiled water, equal parts, and then two parts of
milk to one of water, gradually increasing both the
strength and quantity of milk and lengthening the
interval between feedings according to the age of
the child; or the following can be used with ad-
vantage—made with one quart of cow's milk. Each
feeding should consist of three to four ounces:

FIRST 6 MONTHS. FBOM 6 T

The top milk % pint The top milk 1 pint

Boiled water 1 pint Boiled water 1 pint

Milk sugar 1^6 ounces Milk sugar 2 ounces

FBOM 9 MONTHS TO 1 YEAB.

Top milk 1W pints

Boiled water , % pint

Milk sugar 3 teaspoonfuls

Dissolve the sugar in hot water, add the cream,
and divide in separate bottles, putting one feeding
in each. Cork them with clean cotton. But it must
l>e remembered that too high percentage of fat
(3 to 4%) is often excessive. Therefore top milk
and cream addition must often give place to plain
milk properly diluted. The digestion of fat retards
the flow and diminishes the amount of gastric juice
and lowers the digestive powers.

STERILIZATION AND PASTEURIZATION
OF MILK.

The fact that an absolutely clean, pure, raw milk
is extremely difficult to obtain on a large scale in
our great cities, is the justification of applying some
method to render it comparatively safe, notwith-
standing that sanitary dairies do all that is possible
to protect milk from contamination; yet the vast
population of our larger cities are compelled to
obtain their milk supply often from sources about
which little is known.

As it is practically impossible to procure cow's
milk wholly free from germs, the only method to
render it so is to sterilize it, that is to kill the germs,
which is practically accomplished by boiling the
milk for five minutes. But there are disadvantages
encountered, the chief being the destruction at the
same time of the native bacteria of the milk, that
bring about its fermentation and solution of the
curd, rendering digestion more difficult. The curd

coagulates in larger masses. To meet some of the
objections pasteurization is practiced.

Pasteurizing is a modification of sterilizing. It
consists in subjecting milk to a temperature of
140-150° P. for half an hour, instead of to 212°,
and then suddenly cooling. This pasteurization of
milk at home is capable of destroying practically
all the disease germs that we fear in milk and prob-
ably does not impair the nutritive properties. But
commercial pasteurization of milk cannot be coun-
tenanced. It is apt to cover up not only poor
quality of milk but lack of cleanliness in handling
the milk, and must be condemned.

In using the sterilizing bottle, we dispense with
the ordinary nursing bottle, as it itself is used by
simply removing the cotton plug and fitting it
with a rubber nipple, and then set in a cup of hot
water until the contents are heated sufficiently
(95-100°).

It probably is justified in our cities, especially
during hot weather, where the milk can rarely be-
promptly served to customers, to thus prepare it
for purposes of infant feeding, but tkis does not
apply where we can obtain, clean, pure, fresh milk,
and the baby is in good health. Too long con-
tinued use of sterilized milk may result in impaired
nutrition, anemia, scurvy and dyspepsia, which can
only be removed by a return to coarser, less scien-
tific, more old-fashioned method, as I have repeat-
edly verified. By carefully watching the growth and
development, however, and the occasional use of

Practically all methods of preparing the milk for
the infant that are of real value have the common
purpose of enabling the infant to digest success-
fully the casein of cow's milk in sufficient quantity
to thrive.

In order to facilitate the breaking up of the casein
of cow's milk, we have two ways of acting upon it —
the mechanical and physiological.

Oatmeal, barley, gelatine, dextrine, some infants'
foods like Eskay's, Mellins, Horlick's, act mechan-
ically. But these additions may be injurious under
three months on account of the starch. I prefer
barley as a rule.

The physiological method consists in peptoniz-
ing the milk. The extract of pancreas will digest
casein, but this peptonizing milk ought not to be
done as a regular thing for healthy children, as their
digestive organs, not being called for on regular
duty, are weakened thereby.

A&mixiwe of Cereals is advisable for the purpose
of dividing and suspending the casein of the cow's
milk. The simplest flours, mainly rice and oats
(which have a finer microscopical structure than
wheat) and cereals generally must be given to make
teeth when milk food alone does not suffice for their
development.

Rice Water is very nutritious and soothing, espe-
cially in intestinal troubles. It may be used instead
of barley water, or change off with it as a diluent in
modifying cow's milk. To prepare it wash one
ounce of rice with cold water; then macerate for

three hours in a quart of water kept at a tepid heat
and afterwards boil slowly for an hour, and strain.
Or a

Rice Paste may be made by adding four table-
spoonfuls of rice to three pints of water, boiling
half an hour and then setting aside to simmer,
water being occasionally added to maintain the
three pints. This is strained and cooled, when a
paste is formed. Three tablespoonfuls of the paste
are added to half a pint of milk.

Oatmeal Water for this purpose is made by soak-
ing a teacupful of oatmeal in a pint of water, with
a little salt added, over night; strain thoroughly
through a thick napkin next morning. To make

Barley Water, take a teacupful of pearl barley
and soak it for half an hour in a little lukewarm
water previously salted, drain off the water, pour
the barley into a pint of boiling water, and let it
simmer one-half hour; when done, strain into a
pitcher. By giving the preference to the oatmeal
water if there be a tendency to constipation, and
to the barley water if the tendency is to looseness,
the bowels can be regulated without any trouble.

Next in importance to pure cow's milk modified
as an article of diet for infants, prepared as stated
above, comes

. One part of pure cream to six and very
ive, and four parts of water and a table-
of sugar of milk to a pint of this mixture

forms an excellent food, and one strongly recom-
mended by many physicians, if fat is needed.

A mixture of equal parts of milk, cream, lime
water and a weak arrowroot water with a little
sugar is good. The following' very closely resembles
mother's milk: Fresh cream, 2 tablespoonf uls ;
cow's milk, 1 tablespoonf nl ; lime water, 2 table-
spoonfuls ; warm water, 3 tablespoonf uls ; add sugar
of milk, 1 teaspoonfnl. Occupy about 5 minutes
in warming, stirring gently meanwhile, but do not
boil. Add a small pinch of salt,

Condensed MUk has been very popular as a sub-
stitute for mother's milk. The great objection to
the ordinary condensed milk is the large proportion
of sugar it contains, nearly 40 to 45 per cent, and
the relative small proportion of albumen and fat.
Now, by diluting it as required we either have too
much sugar in our preparation or too little of the
other nutrient constituents. In either case it fails
to be a perfect food to the growing infant. Still it
cannot be denied that many children fed upon it
certainly seem to thrive; nevertheless I should be
afraid to use it exclusively after the first few weeks.
It ought to be diluted with eight to ten parts of
warm water, the tendency being to preparing it too
strong. It cannot be denied, on the other hand,
that intestinal catarrhal affections, and if continued
for longer periods, rickets are especially frequent in
children fed exclusively on ordinary condensed milk.
The nutritive value and digestibility of it may be
increased by using oatmeal or barley water as a sub-

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ti')nia*npaT.hic
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';;_!'•". iKme it at first
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-.i ••:" the jniee of raw
;siJ:j be retained when
Tnis will answer to
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A very good preparation is the following, which
may come into use when from any cause substitutes
as prepared above do not agree ;

Take a piece of isinglass or gelatine about two
inches square and soak for a short time in one-half
pint of cold water, and then boil until dissolved for
ten minutes. To this is added, with constant stir-
ring, a teaspoonful of arrowroot rubbed smooth in
one-half pint of milk, and just before removing from
the fire one to two teaspoonfuls of cream and a little
sugar is added, the quantity of both to be increased
according to the age of the child.

It seems to me that in all eases of artificial feed-
ing of infants, a reliance on the methods above
described will secure the most desirable end — the
healthy growth and development of the child. Only
when all these fail, and the failure is not dependent
upon faulty methods of giving the food, as pointed
out below, is it advisable to give one or the other of
the numerous prepared substitutes. Of the more
popular of these are undoubtedly Mellin's, which is
often useful in constipation and is fattening, Nes-
tle's Eskay's, and Horlick's.

They all depend for their basis on milk. They are
mere adjuvants to milk. There are three different
types.

1. Milk Foods. Nestle's is the chief representa-
tive. It is a condensed milk dried with starch and
glucose. But the starch in these preparations is
apt to be a disturbing factor before the third month.

2. Cereal Foods with starch unchanged, repre-
sented by Imperial Oranum, Ridge's Food. Cereal
foods with starch claimed to be converted into
sugar, the Liebig Foods. They are dried prepara-
tions of grain, with malt, part of which is con-
verted into dextrine. Mellin's and Horlick's are the
best examples.

Bear in mind that there is no cast-iron rule.
Each child differs from another and each ease must
be individualized. But I would confine their use
rather to diseased conditions when, according to the
needs of the organism, one or the other, according
to its composition and digestibility, may be required,
relying on the various forms of milk, as above de-
scribed, for regular feeding.

It may be put down as a general rule that most
of the prepared infant's foods in the market lack
fat, a very essential element for the child's nutri-
tion. Fortunately they are not intended as sub-
stitutes for milk, but are most all prepared with
proportion of milk. In this way the milk makes up
to an extent the deficiency in fat Lack of the prop-
er amount of fat seems to favor the development
of rickets. It is well to supplement these infant's
foods when they must be employed with inunctions
of oil, especially when the child seems ill-nourished.
Such inunction with olive oil may be made daily
at bedtime, or even twice a day in case of wasting,
all over the child's body. It will not alone be an
additional source of nourishment, but frequently
correct nervous restlessness as well.

Still another necessary article of diet as an ad-
junct -to all others is water. Have it boiled and
cooled before using it. It is too apt to be forgotten
as a daily need for baby's comfort, for babies do get
thirsty and crave for pure, fresh water. Offer it
several times during the day and you will see that
it is greedily taken when the ordinary nourishment
is perhaps refused. Bottle-fed babies are apt to be
overfed, and the substitution of water rather than
the prepared food once in a while will not only
correct the troubles arising from overfeeding, but
equally satisfy the body. The addition of a tea-
spoonful of sugar of milk adds to its nutritive
value.

Again, do not forget, as soon as a few teeth
have appeared, to give the child a hard crust of
bread to chew. It is one of the beat things and
should never be excluded, no matter what food
is. determined upon. It will aid in developing the
jaw and teeth, matters of greater importance to
the early age than brain development.

I have said nothing of the wet-nurse, as her
modern substitute is undoubtedly the feeding-
bottle. It is so difficult to get the right person
for so delicate and important a function, and
withal so expensive, that practically it is ever a
questionable procedure. Should one be deter-
mined upon, the selection must always be en-
trusted to the family physician.

Much of the success of artificial feeding de-
pends upon the care exercised in preparing and

Black rubber nipples alone should be used.
Sometimes the holes in the nipple are very small
and must be enlarged with a darning needle.
Still the milk should not run out in a stream, but
only drop by drop. For the food must not be
received too quickly nor too easily, and not with-
out some exertion at sucking — the very conditions
nature makes in furnishing the breast-milk to the
suckling babe. The chief objections to all nursing
bottles is that they allow too rapid and free swal-
lowing of the milk, thus over-distending the stom-
ach and producing colic and indigestion. Again,
the baby's food should always be given warm,
about 98° P. Never give cold mMk to an infant;
it is likely to disagree. Never allow the baby to
continue to suck after emptying the bottle or on
the nipple without the food. Aside from the inju-
rious results, as seen by the eolie, diarrhcea, etc.,
it establishes a vile habit, which will tyrannize
over child and mother for a long time.

The success of cow's milk, either used alone or
as an adjunct to prepared infant's food, depends,
of course, upon its quality and upon the methods
of keeping it until it is ready for use.

It must be unadulterated, pure milk, and

should be slightly alkaline, but sometimes it is

slightly acid, in which case it is very apt to dis-

jree with children. It is advisable to test the

l by means of a strip of litmus paper, ob-

! in every drug store. Good milk will

red litmus paper to blue after some min-

It .X

wiwn ve
andntrer

IJDe COO&r-

tion requisite for success. When baby does not
thrive before discarding your food, see to it that
every step in its preparation is done perfectly, and
not until you are satisfied on this score, change
the food for another.

The Quantity of Food. A new-born baby's stom-
ach holds without distension about two table-
spoonfuls, but you must remember that there is
a difference between a functionally active stom-
ach and one experimented with in the laboratory.
The fact that many babies have been overfed led
to the opposite extreme, and I am sure many of
the directions now given by many physicians are
for an insufficient amount of food. There is no
hard and fast rule. I am inclined to allow a baby
to have as much as it will take, but am rather rig-
orous in exacting a suitable long interval between
drinks.

The Tests of a Proper Diet. Gain in flesh and
weight, not necessarily rapidly, but steadily.

Flesh should he firm and solid, not flabby.

Teething and walking should progress steadily.

Healthy skin.

Quiet, peaceful sleep.

Colic, indigestion and diarrhoea are sure signs of
improper diet.

Mistakes in Infant Feeding. 1. Qivmg too muck
food at each meal, or giving it too rapidly or too

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WEANING AND FOOD FOR OLDER
CHILDREN.

Whenever mother's milk becomes scanty or of
poor quality as shown by the child's health, or the
appearance of menstruation or pregnancy, then
weaning will be in order. When the teeth appear,
about nine or ten months, it is a sign that the child
is ready for something more than mother's milk.

With some care and painstaking, there ought
to be no difficulty in making the change. The old
fear of the "second" summer is, on the whole, an
idle one, and it is a good rule to substitute other
food for mother's milk just as soon as the child
shows lack of steady gain in strength and weight.
So long as it keeps plump, does not fret, and
thrives generally, and the mother's health is also
not disturbed, it iB doing well, and no immediate
change need be hurriedly inaugurated.

When the child is about one year of age, it is a
good average time to wean it, though it is well not
to do so in the midst of very hot weather. It
should be a gradual process, and it is well, there-
fore, to give a meal of artificial food (properly
prepared milk) onee daily for months before.

Diet After Weaning. The essential character-
istic must be simplicity. Avoid too much variety
until the teething process is accomplished. Thus,
*»

until after the second year, it 1b desirable that
only milk and milk foods should form the staple
diet of all children.

After the third year the child gradually adopts
the varied diet of adults, though I never worry
if meat is not taken before the fourth year. Even
a good diet will not agree with all children. The
differences in constitution and temperament are
so great that no one prescribed diet can possibly
apply to all. Frequently it becomes largely a
matter of experiment to find the best diet for any
one individual case ; do not fear to change if the
child is not prospering.

Remember that a child should gradually gain in
weight and strength. Loss of flesh in a child not ap-
parently sick, indicates almost always faulty food
or feeding. Its flesh should be firm and solid, not
flabby, as is so frequent in children brought up on
condensed milk alone, or too much starchy food.
Now, if with these evidences of good nourishment,
the child has no frequent attacks of colic, crying,
indigestion, sleeps well, has a healthy skin, you
may be sure that its food, whatever it may be,
agrees with that child, however inadvisable it
might be to force all other babies to the same
dietary.

Milk' contains considerably less iron than the
other foods. Hence milk is not a sufficient food for
anaemic, and for children after the suckling period.

A good addition to milk is oatmeal or barley, the
latter being preferable as a steady diet because oat-

meal, on account of its containing fat and mucin,
tends to relax the bowels. This can be advantage-
ously substituted when there is a tendency to con-
stipation. In regard to the kind of barley to be
used, it is best to employ the entire kernel, including
the yellow outer layer, which contains gluten. This
ought to be finely ground and allowed to boil five
hours, in order to let the outer layer burst.

The pearl barley is the inside kernel freed from
the husk, and the prepared barley flour of the shops
is very white and made from it, but both are inferior
for our use to the entire kernel.

A good preparation is the oatmeal or barley milk,
made by boiling a teaspoonf ul of oatmeal or ground
barley in four ounces of water for a quarter to half
an hour and then adding an equal quantity of milk.

After six months some addition of farinaceous
food to the milk will be useful. Now any of the
numerous patent foods, like Mellin's, Horlick's etc.,
may come in as an addition, but not as a substitute
for milk. The starch in these preparations is sup-
posed to be converted into dextrine, so as to be
readily acted upon by the digestive organs. For
general use they are all too expensive, and every
household can prepare for itself, from ordinary
good flour, a preparation of dextrine by resorting
to the old-fashioned flour-ball, made by taking a
pound of flour, tying it lightly in a cloth, placed
in water and boiled for ten hours. Afterwards,
when cold, the softer outer covering of the ball
of flour is cut away and the hard interior is re-

duced to powder with a fine grater. This powder,
exceedingly light and delicate, is of pale straw
color. One or two meals a day can be given. For
each meal, one teaspoonful of it is rubbed up with
a tablespoonful of cold milk into a smooth paste ;
add cold milk until it has the appearance of per-
fectly smooth cream. A quarter of a pint of hot
milk, or milk and water, is then poured upon the
mixture, stirring briskly all the time, and the
food is ready for use. Or one teaspoonful of this
baked flour can be added to one of oatmeal ; this
is beaten up till smooth with four tablespoonfuls
of cold water, and then boiled with three quarters
of a pint of milk until it thickens. A little sugar
and salt should be added.

Besides milk we have, on the one hand, the va-
rious mushes or porridges and other farinaceous
foods ; and on the other, different meat broths.

The most valuable of the mushes are oatmeal,
cracked wheat, graham, germea, corn meal, sago,
barley, riee, etc. Children like to have a variety,
and prefer different ones at different times, if per-
mitted to exercise their choice. There are a few
general rules to be observed for making porridges
for our purpose which are essential. First, see to
it that the cereal is of the best kind, not musty or
stale ; secondly, the milk must be fresh, the water
clean and boiling, and never cooked in iron or
copper, and always in a double boiler to prevent
burning ; and, lastly, be very particular in having
it thoroughly cooked. Add sugar, but not too

much, and have it seasoned moderately with
salt, and give good milk or cream. Feed slowly,
and teach children to chew well even soft food.
A good preparation of these farinaceous foods is
obtained by making them according to the fol-
lowing receipts:

Oatmeal Mush. One cup granulated oatmeal,
one-half teaspoonful salt, one quart boiling water.
Put the meal and salt in a double boiler, pour on
the boiling water, and cook two or three hours,
stirring occasionally with a fork. Serve with
sugar and cream. For older children, a baked
apple or apple jelly may be served with it.

The oatmeal is especially adapted to children
who have a tendency to constipation.

Cornmeal Mush. One cup cornmeal, one-half tea-
spoonful salt, one cup cold milk, one pint boiling
water. Mix the meal and salt with the cold milk
and stir gradually into the boiling water. Cook
half an hour in a double boiler, stirring often.

Graham Mush. Mix half a cup of graham flour
and half a teaspoonful of salt. Make into a
smooth paste with a little cold water. Stir all
into one pint of boiling water. Cook twenty min-
utes, stirring often.

Farina Porridge. Half a pint of boiling water,
half a pint of fresh milk, one large teaspoonful of

Broths are an acceptable change from milk, and
serve well for the noonday meal. Sometimes milk
does not agree, and then broths form our main-
stay. Veal, beef, mutton and chicken broths,
made by taking one-half a pound of meat to a pint
of water for younger children, and one pound to
a pint for older, make nourishing and agreeable
foods. Rice, barley, bread, crackers, etc., may be
added. Great care should be taken to have all fat
and gristle removed from the meat when cutting
it up. It is then put into a saucepan, covered and
allowed to stand by the fire four or five hours,
and then simmer gently for two hours. It is then
strained and seasoned with salt.

The following receipts have been tried and
found excellent:

Beef Juice. The expressed juice of beef is made

as follows : A tender steak, cut an inch and one-half

thick, should be broiled. till cooked through, but

not beyond blood-red color. The juice should

then be squeezed out with a lemon-squeezer, or

better still, a meat press, and seasoned. One or

two teaspoonfuls may be given at a time with

stale bread crumbs to a child over one year old.

ence. Broil half a pound of

two minutes or until the juice

small pieces and squeeze the

laced over hot water. Add a

irve at once or pour it over a

it. Or a

Beef Tea may be made by adding half a cup of
boiling water to the meat after broiling as above.

Beef Tea vfith Oatmeal. Mix two tablespoonfuls
of oatmeal very smooth with two of cold water;
then add a pint of strong boiling beef tea. Boil to-
gether for five minutes, stirring well ; strain
through a sieve.

Bread, wheaten, graham or rye, should be given
when comparatively stale. All hot bread and bis-
cuit should be forbidden. Baker's rolls, especially
when a day old, are good ; graham crackers, sea-
foam crackers may be taken with the broth, or
broken into it.

Zwieback, to be had of all German bakeries, is
an excellent change, and forms with milk a good
supper. Children as a rule learn to like it very
much. Milk toast, cracker toast, sponge cake,
lady fingers, bread and butter, all form excellent
foods. Do not deny the child fat in some form,
good butter, or bacon fat, to which is added
some bread crumbs or mealy potato. The potato
must be baked, not fried or boiled, and only the
mealy ones selected. This with a little dish gravy
or fresh butter and salt is usually found an agree-
able change of food.

Eggs should be soft boiled or poached, not fried,
and may be given occasionally; so the plain cus-

tard, i. e., egg, milk and sugar without apices.
may be tried at times.

Eggs constitute a very important food for chil-
dren. The only article of diet that approaches
milk in the quantity of lime which is so essential
for the growing organisms is the yolk of the egg.
This should be given to the child where milk can-
not be tolerated or assimilated, and in cases of
debility. Here it is best digested when beaten up
with a few drops of brandy. Here is a good prep-
aration ;

Eggs as an Infant's Food. Beat up the raw
white of a fresh egg ; add to this water to make
8 ounces, and one teaspoonful of pure cane sugar.
Strain through muslin. Put 1 ounce into the feed-
ing bottle and stand it in hot water at 110° and
heat to blood heat. After several days a little of
the yolk of egg and a few drops of raw meat
juiee may be added. Codliver oil emulsion or
Hydroline, about 5 drops to each feed, may be
added at times for weakly children.

When the eye-teeth are through, a portion of a
soft boiled or dropped egg may be given, but
solid animal food must not be given until all the
teeth have appeared at the very earliest.

Fruits when ripe and fresh, are good and ought
to be allowed liberally. See that the fruit is not
stale, that is the most important point. Be sure

"V. « lT is

more generously to milk diet and frnit and your
child will be all the better for it.

Coffee, tea, however weak, and it is almost need-
less to add wine and all other spirits, must be rig-
orously excluded from the child's dietary. No
"tastes" should he allowed. Milk and water, the
latter filtered and boiled, and for older children
plain cocoa, ought to constitute the sole drinks.

Buttermilk is an excellent infant food, especially
in eases of diarrhcea and vomiting, and for run-
down states and inherited disease tendencies.
The feeding with buttermilk should begin in small
quantities, frequently repeated, and it may be
used alone or with other foods. When pure, fresh
buttermilk can not be obtained, families churn a
little butter at home to provide the babe with its
buttermilk every day. It is prepared by stirring
a level tablespoonful — about 10 to 12 gm. — of fine
rice, wheat or other flour into a liter of butter-
milk less than twenty-four hours old. It is then
boiled over a moderate fire until it boils up thrice,
stirring continuously, after which two or three
heaped tablespoonfuls of sugar are added; or it
may be boiled down and mixed with wheat flour,
sugar and salt. Thus prepared, it has been used
by the Dutch peasants for generations. The in-
troduction of lactone (the lactic acid bacilli in
pure culture) enables the ready conversion of
sweet milk into a product resembling buttermilk

ixed |

a t« .. „.,„,. • «* -" ™

dren, "■" .,„. , •iild""*

if .1 ,

gined

aged i ' *

..... . zt OB-I* 1 ^

-r.i:pi

produce a discharge from the rectum. At the
same time give a dose of Nux, 2 pellets every 2
tours.

For the retention of urine, cloths wrung out in
hot water may be placed over the region of the
bladder or baby's back. Give a few dosea of
Aconite when baby is in evident pain, manifested
by restlessness, crying and sleeplessness. Dose:
two pellets every hour.

For the first few days after birth, the urine is
naturally high-colored from the excess of urine
salts excreted. The diapers are often stained in
consequence. If this should continue too long,
a few doses of Lycopodium will correct it. Give 2
pellets every three hours.

Chafing or Soreness of Infants. A redness and
soreness of the akin, affecting the buttocks and
folds of the thighs. Due usually to lack of care.
It generally arises from napkins saturated with
urine being allowed to remain on, thus causing
irritation of the skin. It is true ,however, that
constitutional causes may also contribute towards
this trouble ; thus, the condition of the urine above
described may favor its development. The treat-
ment is largely preventive. Change the diapers
just as soon as soiled. Never use a diaper that has
n*>* been rinsed out in water. Do not merely dry
ia is very important, and usually the
e difficulty. Always bathe the infant's
■ every passage; dry with a soft cloth,

ii* c H.-3 ifsier.

u-=- Tp* 'ith a

'-s x^a 3ui be

t. , -an reapij. It

-f "a dial Bay

.;?L 'ria of the

sician. There is a violent and dangerous form of
inflammation of the eye in the new-born, resulting
frequently in the destruction of the eye. It is the
result of infection with a poisonous virus. It is
advisable, therefore, always to refer all these cases
to your physician whenever possible.

Jaundice. New-born infants, during the first
few days after birth, have more or less intense red
color of the skin, which gradually fades and disap-
pears in about a week; sometimes it gives place to
a more or less bright yellow hue, which is known as
jaundice of the new born. This usually lasts sev-
eral days, and gradually disappears in eight to
fourteen days. No special treatment is necessary,
but remember that impure air, cold, use of purga-
tives and weakness of the infant, favor its develop-
ment. The urine colors the napkins ; the stools are
pale and dry, or thin and watery. Child is drowsy,
disinclined to take the breast. A few doses of
Chamom., two pellets three times daily, especially
if the child is peevish and fretful, may be given.
Bryonia, same dose, may be substituted, if the stools
are constipated, large and dry. If after several
doses both urine and stool do not assume their nor-
mal type, give Lycopod. 30, two pellets three times
daily. This is especially indicated if the child is
drowsy, weak and spiritless. If the urine and stools
change, even without change of color of skin, the
little patient is improving, though the jaundiced
skin remains unchanged for a time.

-if 8P "'

-A-

■.■'»D*

. .1 * C

daily. If not sufficient, follow with Sambucus in
the same dose.' A little almond oil applied with &
camel's-hair brash, or cold cream, or the vapor of
hot, not too hot, water allowed to pass up the nose,
are all efficacious.

Crying, Wakefulness, Restlessness. The Baby's
Cry. This is the first language of the new comer.
It is only the human animal that cries when born.
- It is a sign that there is a human soul within.
Much can be learned by the observant mother or
nurse from baby's cry. If it is long and persistent,
it is usually due to hunger, and will cease when
giving it food, or even for a time some sucking de-
vice until it realizes the deception — then woe to the
environment. If the hand is drawn up to the ear
or head, with loud and, sudden screams, it is likely
due to earache. Apply heat and give Aconite every
few minutes, a few pellets. In colic, the knees are
drawn np to the abdomen and the cry is sharp and
loud and paroxysmal, and is relieved by warmth and
pressure. Apply these and give Chamom. Infants
do not cry without some cause. This is certainly
true of frequent and long-continued fits of crying.
The first thing to do is to discover the cause. The
child may be hungry, wet, cold, especially the ex-
tremities, or soiled. The clothing or bed may be
wrinkled ; he may be in an uncomfortable position ;
"ten the mere turning is sufficient to relieve the
-trees. Thirst is not rarely a cause of crying in
- young children, especially is this likely in
ss

attacks of diarrheal. The cry for water is apt to be
a constant wail of low tone, accompanied by marked
restlessness. On no condition resort to soothing
syrups, paregoric, etc., to quiet the child. After
drying and warming him, toasting the toes before
an open fire, filling a rubber bag with hot water
and allowing the baby to lie on it on his stomach,
and offering him food if near the time for nursing,
or, if not, a little warmed water, he will in the great
majority of cases, quiet down, and perhaps go to
sleep. Be sure that no one but the nurse is in the
room with him. It is quiet he wants, not company,
especially of nervous lookers-on. In regard to med-
icines, it is advisable to give ChamomUla pellets,
especially if the baby seems really cross and irrit-
able, demanding constant carrying about. Give
two pellets every few minutes for a few doses. This
may have to be followed by Coffea, which often
relieves the sleeplessness and excitement of the little
patient. In hot weather it is most likely that the
child is thirsty or encumbered by too much cloth-
ing. Don't feed the baby every time it cries. Give
it water ; have it boiled and cooled and kept in a
bottle. In very hot weather let the child lie almost
naked on his bed, protected by mosquito netting
to keep flies and gnats away, for these carry disease,
besides causing great discomfort.

Resume. Remember the following essentials for
baby's comfort : Every new-born child should have
the benefit of clean, dry, warm, soft and loose cloth-

h day and
and receive
als. Among
ional needs
avoid, tight
apkins, and
overing for
t, imperfect
■ parts; the
is, gin and
nipples or
ith; nnder-
ied; imper-
insils; keep-
d, draughty
1 company,
warding off

takes place
th intermis-
a physiolo-
rithout any
illy various
le child are
' nourished,

• t-ucloaea <tt irrc n nana sbl

St'd ill the " Tim* .AlU'TC ttlPT STB

•>nuwtire iissae and ni:w;is mett^
c ■■-■utat sacs rest in ieuuum.an in
i-rtBn:: "b* 'aw. The tooth zrowa in
- •>: •■"•mi 'i the i-aieiik-ariun a£
■m v.^t -in-'W. it jiuahes upward.

-. -*•■< -~t ».»;■::* MX niQQths. though

:*. - :ts vi^ii teeth.

±irr^x- and 5s-

;:-*>-..:-^ assue
-onaKtr- c. the
■ - -*rs~: iasta
-a «o.., ^ sums

- . ; prjf. friv-

- "**-rs m either
: nrtn^. that the
i* mvie class by

■■*-.?. interval of
. A 'ferent pairs.
. wbvb the teeth

and that a period of rest should intervene. Usually,
however, the following order is observed : The two
lower incisors or front teeth appear sometime be-
tween the sixth to the eighth month. A period of
rest of three to six weeks follows, when another
group appears, within one or two weeks the four
upper incisors. Now comes another pause of one
and a half to three months, when the first molars
show themselves; thus about the eleventh to the
fourteenth month; again a pause of two to four
months — say when the child is about a year and a
half old — the canine, the so-called eye and stomach
teeth, appear. Usually about the completion of the
second year, or later, the second molars appear. But
there is a wide difference in different children, de-
pending on the constitution, hygienic surroundings,
nutrition, etc. Occasionally a tooth may appear
soon after birth, or not at all for a whole year, and
in either ease the child be perfectly healthy.

Premature dentition is more apt to be attended by
constitutional disturbances, precocity as a rule be-
ing an evidence of weakness rather than strength.

Retarded dentition is met with always in rickety
children ; here the first incisors may not appear be-
fore the end of the first year, and the whole process
may extend into the third year. Where the erup-
tion of the teeth is delayed in children of compara-
tively sound constitution, the process after it is once
begun is rapidly completed and causes but little
disturbance. The cause of rickets is improper
nourishment, such as poor or insufficient breast milk,

due to too late nursing, too early weaning, and con-
sequent use of food beyond the baby's digestive
power, particularly starchy food. Any kind of im-
proper food may produce the result. In late teeth-
ing look to the nourishment first of all. Even if the
child seems plump and bright there is probably
room for improvement in the child's nutrition,
Very often such children are kept on breast milk,
which is not up to the mark, and only after sup-
plementing it with some other food, will the de-
velopment of the teeth progress.

Some Symptoms Indicative of Teething. In
healthy children sometimes there is no noticeable
disturbance of any kind, but usually observant
mothers and nurses do notice some change in the
' child's demeanor and physical state. It has been
popularly held that drooling, and increased flow of
saliva, is always indicative of the beginning of the
process of teething; yet it is not necessarily so.
Drooling is due to changes in the development of
the salivary glands, which take place about the
fourth month, and hence frequently coincides or
precedes the evolution of the teeth. There may be
heat and swelling of the gums, thirst, hence the
advisability of frequently offering sips of water,
which alone will often quiet the restlessness and
fretfulness so generally met with at this time. The
baby shows constant desire to thrust things into the
mouth; biting seems to relieve the itching and irri-
tated gums. The most common complications arise

in derangements of the digestive tract, skin and
nervous system. With the advancing tooth we find
usually some f everiahness, which reduces the digest-
ive power, so that the ordinary diet may become
difficult to digest, and hence irritate the bowels,
giving rise to diarrhoea usually, although sometimes
to constipation. Now, the diarrhcea due to denti-
tion, if not severe or weakening, is not to be checked
too suddenly. It is rather beneficial. But if really
due, as it frequently is, to improper diet, summer
heat and sadden chilling, it must be attended to
and watched carefully.

Constipation when obstinate in teething children
is apt to give rise to tendency of blood to the head,

which would increase the nervous disturbances of
the child, such as restlessness, sleeplessness, fever,

Skin troubles during dentition are common.
Various forms of "tooth rash" are met with. Ec-
zema, hives, etc., may appear to be aggravated at
this time. If there is any hereditary tendency to
these affections, they are sure to appear now, but
whether entirely due to teething or dependent as
well on the general congestion of all the parts of
the head, which is due to the great development of
the skull and brain at this time, it is difficult to say.
These skin troubles must not be suppressed or
healed too rapidly by the use of external means,
such as strong salves, lotions, etc.
71

The Nervous Disturbances are most marked. Dur-
ing this time the whole system is in a sensitive and
irritable condition, so that even trifling causes ex-
cite a train of acute and serious symptoms. There-
fore a cold, improper diet, overfeeding, etc., are
more apt to produce trouble at this time. The child
is more fretful and restless than ordinarily, cries
more. It will cry out at times; sleep is apt to be
disturbed and restless; there may be twitchings of
various muscles. The most alarming bnt also rare
condition met with is that of convulsions. They are
said to occur most frequently with eye teeth and
molars, and are usually met with in children that
are hereditarily inclined thereto, so that any error
in diet, the approach of an acute disease, produces
the terrible symptoms. The weaker and more ex-
citable a child is the more decided is the tendency
to convulsions. A dry cough is often met with that
seems due to teething, since we cannot discover any
other cause ; also, a peculiar feebleness shown in the
easy fatigue and the timid walk after the child has
already learned to walk well. Dentition may cause
earache and other reflex nervous disturbances.

Again, teething may lengthen the course of any
acute disease, or it may aggravate the attack on ac-
count of this nervous hyper-sensitiveness.

These morbid conditions need not be due to den-
tition directly, but they are met with to a greater or
less extent at this time, because this is the period
for many important changes in the development of
the infantile organism, apt to unsettle its equili-

briura. Thus the brain is growing more rapidly
than at any other time, the digestive apparatus and
the bony structure are undergoing changes and
rapid development.

Treatment. Do not fall into the error of neglect-
ing any condition by the excuse that the child is
teething. That very fact ought to make you more
careful, and try to rectify any untoward symptom
that may arise. A teething child should have more
than ordinary hygienic care. To promote the nor-
mal eruption of the teeth, proper clothing, suitable
food, abundant sleep, fresh air and sunshine, judi-
cious ventilation of the nursery, cleanliness of both
child and nurse, are all necessary. Avoid draughts,
patent medicines, sleeping drops, paregoric, "etc.
Remember that, especially at this time, the excit-
ing cause of sudden and serious illness is anything
which may unduly increase the circulation, such as
overfeeding or underfeeding, improper diet, sudden
chills, etc. If your baby is restless at night, and
cries out and twitches, and yet seems so bright in
the day time, see to it that you are not tiring him
too much by injudiciously pushing him forward.
If ou know he is so cunning and quick to learn, and
seconds all your efforts so readily that you like to
show him off, and you repeat this much more fre-
quently than is good for him. The little brain that
has so much to learn in this world, every moment
o£ which during his waking hours demands at-
tention, gets exhausted, and these irritable symp-

toms at night may be only the reaction of the day's
work, the result of an over-tired nervous system.
Lancing the gums in strong, robust babes often gives
immediate relief to a host of disagreeable symptoms,
and always permit your physician to do that simple
Operation if he t hink s best. But I have always been
able to avoid it by the judicious use of homoeopathic
remedies for any untoward symptoms.

Every mother who has children to raise should
seek the timely counsel and advice of her physician
in order to preserve the health of her little charges
and further their best development. Do not wait
until sickness has invaded the little one's body —
interest your physician sufficiently to aid you in
preventing this as much as possible, and with his
help try to surround your children with the best
attainable conditions for their soundness of body,
for only then can you expect to rejoice in their
possession of soundness of mind.

Remedies. Honweopathy possesses simple and
harmless remedies that will greatly facilitate this
process and ward off dangerous symptoms. As a
general remedy to act constitutionally, a prepara-
tion oiCaic. phos. 3x is advisable. Especially indi-
cated if the teeth are slow in erupting, the child is
in poor condition ; has exhausting diarrhoea, etc. A
powder may be given in the milk three times daily,
or one table! put on the tongue.

Coffea subdues the irritation that generally ac-
companies dentition in excitable and sleepless
children.

Chamomilla for cross, irritable children, must be
carried all the time; diarrhoea, flushed face, con-
stant crying ; one cheek red, the other pale.

Terebinthina. Uncertain tempered children, wake-
ful at night, screaming as if frightened; staring
look; twitching; urine scanty or suppressed; con-
vulsions.

Kreosotwm,. This remedy is excellent when the
gums look dark and the teeth decay almost imme-
diately after appearing. Child is in poor condition.

Of the selected remedy, three pellets may be given
every hour or oftener, but not so frequently when
child begins to improve.

GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND
HYGIENE.
Premature Children, if born before the seventh
month, rarely survive. The principal treatment
consists in supplying warmth, oiling skin, and to
swathe the infant in warm cotton and place in a
warm place. Surround with hot-water' bottles,
maintain the temperature 98° to 100° P. Do not
bathe, as they are too easily chilled. Anoint with
oil, and later if bathed at all let it be with the
addition of some alcohol and temperature 110°. If

too weak to nurse, a few drops of warm milk or hot
water and whiskey, one to five, one teaspoonful
every hour, ought to be given. This will keep up
the bodily warmth until the milk can create
strength.

If too weak to suck, give food from nipple shield,
drop by drop, if necessary. Remember, warmth and
stimulants are the prime essentials. You must main-
tain (1) the bodily heat, and (2) nourish the child.
The effect of cold upon these delicate things is most
serious, and growth and life depend almost solely
upon maintaining the bodily temperature.

Infancy comprises the first seven or eight months
of life, the time during which the infant is nursed
at the breast and before the eruption of the milk
teeth. Growth at this period is extremely rapid,
the weight more than doubling itself during the first
six months, throwing much work on the digestive
organs, and it is here where most of the troubles
during this period are found. During this time the
infant ought to sleep most of the time when be is
not feeding.

Childhood is the period commencing with the first
dentition and ending with the commencement of the
second, at the sixth or seventh year. Growth con-
tinues active and disorders of digestion and assim-
ilation quickly lead to serious mischief. The food
at this period should be simple, but nourishing and
abundant. The period from 7 to 9 years of age is

one in which fatigue occurs very readily and dam-
age to the heart likely to be produced. School-
children previously bright, when they now show
signs of fatigue and lack of interest, may need
special care on account of the inefficient heart
action.

Youth commences at the second dentition and
ends at puberty, about the fourteenth year. During
this time the milk teeth are replaced by the perma-
nent set, the bones become more solid and the mus-
cles better developed, while the brain is most active,
memory exceedingly retentive. Now nervous trou-
bles are apt to show themselves, chorea and chronic
catarrhal conditions, and ill effects of too rigid
adherence to school hours and study. Irritation of
the sexual organs, induced or caused by other trou-
bles, now become a source of ill health or faulty •
development. While this is true, we need not
attribute every wrong physical and mental state, to
trouble here.

Growth is not the steady, uniform process gener-
ally believed to be. There are fits and starts of
acute growth with periods of comparative rest. This
is true of all nature's processes. On this account
the child is rendered for a time practically an in-
valid, unwilling to play or study ; wants to lie quiet
and do nothing, even shuns his wonted games and
amusements. Bye and bye, active interest and en-
ergy return with the withdrawal of the blood from
the tissues whose spell of growth is completed.
77

There are no tears for the first three months.
The new born and the dying do not weep. The color
of the eyes of all babies is bluish. It changes to the
permanent color in about six to eight weeks.

Body Weight The average weight is from six
and a half to seven and a half pounds. For first
few days there is a loss of four to seven ounces, then
a regular gain. Growth during the first six months
is very rapid, doubling its weight in six months and
trebling it during first year. Thus, if an infant
weighs seven pounds at birth, it ought to weigh
about twenty pounds at the end of a year. After
this it is much slower, doubling it again at the end
of the sixth year. But, remember, that gain in
weight may result from storage of fat and water.
True growth consists in an increase of tissue, not
in laying on of fat. The fat, antemic, condensed-
milk baby is an illustration of the fallacy of judg-
ing the value of the food by the gain in weight,

Length. Average nineteen inches, which is
doubled by the end of the fourth year. Loss of
weight is sometimes the only apparent sign that the
baby is not thriving. It is well, therefore, to weigh
the baby every week or two, but not daily. Some
gain is essential to health and normal development ;
a cessation of gain is indicative of trouble. Often
even a slight illness will retard the growth and put
a stop to all gain in weight. A healthy baby ought
to gain at least four ounces weekly during the first

month or two, and, as a general rule, daring the
first four months the baby gains about half a pound
per week ; then gradually falls off to one-half , and
less, of that rate. If the regular gain in weight is
not maintained, look to the food and assimilation,
if there are no signs of sickness present. Probably
it is insufficient or improperly prepared.

Respiration. In newly born about 44 per min-
ute ; during early months, 35 to 40 ; end of first year,
28 ; two to four years, 25 ; in older children, about
20. During first three years the type of respiration
is abdominal, the diaphragm being the chief muscle
used and the ribs moving but little. During sleep
respiration is less frequent. The rythm of respira-
tion is easily disturbed, and in young infants regu-
lar breathing can only be observed during sleep.
Before the second year, when regularity of respira-
tion is established, even marked irregularity may
have no significance.

Pulge. The pulse can only be taken correctly
during baby's sleep. It is very easily affected by
any disturbance. 130 to 133 at birth, diminished
during sleep 10 to 20 beats; frequently irregular
and easily influenced by any excitement. The
number of average pulse beats per minute at six
months to one year is about 120; at two to four
years, 110 ; at six years, about 100 ; at eight to four-
teen years, about 88. Sleep produces a decided fall
in the number of the pulse beats.

Temperature in babies, in order to be taken
accurately, should be taken in the rectum, the
thermometer being oiled before it is inserted, and
carefully watched lest any sudden movement of
the child break it and the mercury and fine glass
enter the rectum. The baby should be placed on
its left side in the nurse's lap. But do not forever
take baby's temperature; indeed, with nervous
households, I question the utility of a thermometer
in the nursery. It must be remembered that the
temperature which is normal between 98^° and
99° may suddenly go up to 103° and more, simply
because the child is a little constipated. Continuous
high temperature, even if not over 100°, of course,
is to be feared and needs the physician's care.

The Head is large as compared to the rest of the
body. It is often out of shape after tedious and
especially instrumental labors, but this soon rec-
tifies itself.

Fontanelles. At the back of the head and just
behind the forehead are two spots not fully bridged
over by bone, and only skin and thin membrane
cover the brain, which can be seen pulsating through
them. The anterior is the larger and measures from
one-half to two inches in diameter soon after birth.
It should not be depressed or bulge out.

The smaller fontanelle closes soon after birth,

but the anterior remains open much longer and

may remain so until the end of the second year.

81

-•yes
uut2

■; t* ; - .;<K-ied

, "wring. The infant is deaf for a few days after
*™- At end of two months will torn head to
^us. Remember, he is very sensitive to noise,
"Y loud sounds causing great fright, even spasms.

*°nek is not highly developed hi birth except in

J 8 *nd tongue. A yonng infant will refuse to take
^tle because the milk is only a few degrees too
, * <* too warm. The right temperature of the
^* j"i therefore, an important matter.

***« is highly- developed. A normal infant can

e 77^SUish between sweet, sour and bitter; sweet

ting, sacking movements, the other only grim-

^^tt is developed latest.

*>««,

Great variation with reference to time

k, ^"^lopment is the rule. Girls talk earlier than

up At the end of the first year, often before,

worrt^"* 1 &a ^ "Mamma"; end of the second year,

M-nZ** 1 can be put together in short sentences.

»^* of persons first, then names of objects. Next

*» then adjectives. Last of all, personal pro-

T^ 1 ^. If the child makes no attempt to speak at

^**d of two years we are justified in fearing some

*-^.i defect, although I have seen cases where

<3-elay was longer and the child was otherwise

n 7* 1 *MiL Here again a homoeopathic physician

BiMvmci b e consulted, for he has remedies that act

"ftVoo ftp S p eee i, center in the brain.

Urine. The normal urine of the first few days
is apt to be scanty and often has a brick-dust sedi-
ment. This is of no special consequence and repre-
sents the waste product of intra-uterine life which
was kept dammed back in the kidneys until such
time when after birth the discharge of urine shall
wash it out. Its presence is a strong indication
for thorough cleansing of the napkin, for these
crystals are irritating to baby's skin. If at all per-
sistent a few doses of Lycopodhim will cure. There
is great variation in the frequency of urinating,
depending on the temperature and moisture of the
surrounding air. The urine should not stain the
napkin.

The Evacuations. The daily number of evacua-
tions varies. For the first six weeks there should
be three or four every twenty-four hours. But
my experience points to rather fewer, one or two
only. The passages for the first two or three days
consist of a thick, sticky, blackish, odorless sub-
stance called Meconium.

The feces should be bright yellow and consistence
of ointment. This is true when the milk is well
adapted to the child's digestion. Any marked de-
viation from this character is abnormal and ought
to be brought to the attention of the physician, who
can often select the proper remedy, both dietetic
and medicinal, from the appearance and physical
properties of the evacuations.

Training Proper Control of Rectum and Bladder.
It is surprising what can be done in this direction.
Even at three months infants can be put on cham-
ber or "held out." Habit is the largest factor in
preventing future trouble. The infant must be put
upon the chamber soon after its feeding. Napkins
ought to be dispensed with after the first year, often
before. By the tenth mouth healthy infants should
go from 10 p. m. until morning without emptying
the bladder. Proper training, correct diet, and
hygienic surroundings, with homoeopathic remedies,
will bring it about.

Hygiene of Nervous System. The brain grows
more during the first two years than all the rest
of life. Normal development of brain requires
quiet, rest, peaceful surroundings, freedom from
everything causing excitement or undue stimula-
tion. Do not permit too much playing in evening
when the fond papa comes home.

The intense exeitabiUty of the nervous system is
one of the vital characteristics of early childhood.
In robust children we constantly find the whole
system suffering violently from sympathetic de-
rangement set up by some trifling disturbance. A
little indigestible food, or overfeeding, or a cold,
will produce a burning fever, delirium or convul-
sions. But when nutrition is impaired, and the
child is below par, the most serious diseases may
give no signs of their presence. Therefore be spe-
cially alert in the case of weak, puny, chronically

ill children, and guard them from invasion of acute

Airing. As a rule, the infant may be taken out
at the end of a month. In warm weather, earlier
or when temperature is above 60° P. Protect head
from wind and eyes from sun. Many nurse-girls
are careless about this. At first keep out only a
quarter hour, gradually two to three hours, until
after a few months there is no reason why a healthy
child should not be out every day more or less.

Sleep. Regularity in the hour for sleep, both for
the day nap and night, is most essential. Do not
give up the noonday sleep too soon. Many a child
is cranky and irritable and sleepless at night because
it does not have enough sleep during the day. Do
not rock the baby to sleep, or walk with it, or give
any sort of soothing syrup. Give it the comfort of
a sweet lullaby, however, which in itself is the best
hypnotic. While at first the baby ought to sleep
most of the time, after a couple of months he will
lie awake for an hour at a time and be happy. At
one year he should have fifteen or sixteen hours'
Bleep. At two or three, about twelve to fourteen
hours, and all through childhood from ten to twelve
hours. Never wake a sleeping child.

The baby should go from six to eight hours at
night without nursing. This is theoretically cor-
rect, but, practically, if we get two rests of four
hours each we shall do remarkably well, although I

have known children to sleep all night through from
the first. Sleep should be quiet and without any
movement except that of breathing. Jerking,
twitching and grinding of teeth are all signs of
unhealthy sleep, and the cause must be discovered
and corrected. Older children who do not sleep
during the day may, if nervous and poor in health,
require an hour's complete rest reclining on an arm
ehair or sofa with a story book. The best time is
after eating in the middle of the day.

Exercise. Nothing is more conducive to sub-
stantial growth and vigor than an outing in the
fresh air and warm sunshine of a dry, mild day.
Hot as well as freezing weather is unfavorable for
infant exercise, but between these extremes, if the
wind is not blowing and the air is not damp, it can
be taken out without harm. Suggestions along this
line would seem to be entirely superfluous, so far as
California mothers are concerned. Our climatic
conditions are so exceptionally favorable to child-
life that the young folks among us may do a large
part of their living and growing outdoors amid
sweet air and beneath fair skies.

GENERAL THERAPEUTIC MEASURES.

Rest is the greatest of all mechanical aids in

many troubles of infancy and childhood. Natural

rest, regular rest, enforced rest, rest for proper

growth and development, rest for prevention and

87

relief of pain ; in many nervous affections, fidgety
and restless states, rest is the chief remedy.

Heat is probably the most widely useful and im-
portant of all aids in the treatment of many forms
of disease. We make use of dry heat in the hot-
water bags, electric pads, or heated salt or sand
bags, or Japanese stove, or, better still, moist heat
in the shape of hot fomentations, compresses, etc.
The latter especially is invaluable in throat affec-
tions, bronchitis, colic, restlessness, etc. Remember
that the child's skin is very sensitive and cannot
bear the same degree of heat that the adult can.

Cold Compresses, or ice bags, are sometimes of
benefit in inflammations, especially about the head,
sore throat, etc. A more general application of
cold consists in the cold bath or pack; but these
ought only to be given under the advice of a
physician.

Packs may be hot, cold or stimulating, like
mustard.

The Hot Pack is best applied by wringing out a
light blanket in hot water with a dry one on the
outside. Useful in the suppression of urine. The
head should be sponged with cold water while the
pack is used.

Cold Pack, Strip the child and lay on a blanket.
Envelop entire trunk in small sheet wrung from

water at a temperature of 100° F. Upon the out-
side of this ice may be rubbed over the entire trunk.
The rubbing of iee may be repeated in from five
to thirty minutes, after which roll in blanket. The
head should be sponged with cold water, and, if
necessary, heat applied to feet. Continue pack
from one to several hours.

The Cold Bath. Put the child into the bath at
100° F. and gradually reduce temperature. Rub
body well while in bath; dry quickly and roll in
warm blanket. Bath should last from five to
twenty-five minutes.

Hot Baths are often of great use in spasmodic
affections, collapsed conditions and in eruptive dis-
eases where the rash does not come out well. It
should have a temperature of 100° P.

Bran Bath. Put a few handsful of bran in a
muslin bag and squeeze it out into the bath water;
it will make it milky and bland, and prove most
grateful in all irritated conditions of the skin, ecze-
ma, hives, and other itching conditions.

Salt Water Bath. Common salt, or sea salt,
about two ounces to a gallon, is an excellent tonic
bath in cases of delibity, rickets, tuberculosis, and
for the tendency to cold and catarrhal affections.
The whole body should be rubbed after every -bath
with a Turkish towel or rough bath gloves to excite
healthy action of the skin.

Malt Baths. A most useful tonic measure for
weak children and such as are inclined to scrofula
and do not gain strength rapidly after illness. A
few pounds of barley malt should be boiled with a
couple of gallons of water for an hour and allowed
to stand on a warm stove for another hour. This
malt water is then added to the lukewarm water of
the bath. Such daily malt baths continued for
weeks will greatly improve the general health of
children. They are much in vogue in Germany
and health resorts.

Milk Bath. Milk more or less diluted with water
makes a most soothing application in very sensitive
excoriating skin troubles. I sometimes dilute the
milk with Hamamelis Extract with good effect.

Milk Baths as a Remedy. Since it has become
known that milk in a bucket sitting in a sick-room
will absorb germs, a recent writer has applied the
idea in the treatment of small-pox, fevers, diphthe-
ria, etc., with marked success. The patient is laid on
a mattress covered with blankets. He is then packed
in a sheet saturated with milk covering the entire
body, in which condition he remains an hour. A
warm water bath is then given, after which the
surface is dried and the patient is put to bed.

Sponging. The readiest means of reducing tem-
perature. The child should be stripped and laid
upon a blanket or sheet with a waterproof beneath ;
a large sponge should be used, and the face, trunk

and extremities sponged for five or ten minutes.

| The water used should be cold, but with nervous

patients it is well to begin with tepid water. If the

I child is feeble, put a hot-water bottle to its feet

during the sponging. The action of cold sponging
is temporary only, but useful and safe.

When a child evidently dreads the water, an ex-
cellent plan is to cover the bath with a blanket and
place the child thereon and gently lower it into the
water. By this simple plan much screaming, terror
and unnecessary exhaustion are avoided. Remem-
ber that the child's akin is much more sensitive than
that of the. adult, it is easily burnt and quickly
susceptible to cold.

Oil Inunction is a most useful measure in all
forms of wasting and faulty nutrition. Warm sweet
oil should be rubbed all over, but especially on the
abdomen, thighs, soles of feet and arm pits. Mas-
sage with oil is of great value in chronic constipa-
tion. Have the oil warm, and be sure that the hand
is so. Cocoa butter is an equally good oily applica-
tion, and to some children more agreeable.

Counter-irritants. Mustard Paste, most satisfac-
tory of producing quick counter-irritation over a
large surface :

IJ. 1 part powdered mustard,
2 parts wheat flour.

Mix with lukewarm water and spread between two
layers of muslin. This should be removed as soon

as thorough redness of the skin is produced — in five
to eight minutes. May be repeated in three hours.
Ready-made mustard plasters may be obtained in
all drug-stores.

Mustard Pack. Strip child and lay on blanket.
Wrap around it a sheet saturated in mustard water.

Q. 1 Ubleepoonful mustard to 1 quart tepid water.

Roll up in blanket ten to fifteen minutes. Useful
in collapse or great prostration, in spasms, in cere-
bral and pulmonary congestion, and to bring out
tardy eruptions.

The benefits of mustard plasters are unques-
tioned. Wherever there is a cold surface, a mustard
plaster on arms, legs or abdomen for twenty minutes
(not longer) will be excellent. For sleeplessness,
colds on chest, asthma, spasms, pains, etc., they act
beneficially.

How to Fix a Mustard Plaster. Soak in warm

water for two minutes and apply. The mustard

side goes next to the skin. If skin is sensitive, a

thin piece of wet cloth may be placed between it and

the skin. On a sensitive skin, five minutes will pro-

" t red patch. The plaster may then be

a fresh one applied in another spot if

f the red spot burns too long, the use

rth grain alcohol will stop it.

e Stupe is made by wringing a piece of
f water as hot as can be borne. Upon

this sprinkle ten to fifteen drops of spirits of tur-
pentine. This is applied to body and covered with
oil silk or dry flannel. It is chiefly used in ab-
dominal pains and inflammations, but must be
watched in infancy so as not to produce blistering.

Mustard Bath. Four to five tablespoonfuls pow-
dered mustard should he mixed for a few minutes
with one gallon tepid water. Add four to five gal-
lons hot water 100°. Brings blood to surface in
collapse, shock, heart failure or sudden congestion
to brain or lungs. Length of bath, ten minutes.
Repeat, if necessary, in an hour.

Emetics. When emetics are necessary, in cases
of poisoning, or presence of indigestible substance,
the following given every ten to fifteen minutes, are
serviceable, viz. : One teaspoonful syrup of ipecac ;
or one teaspoonful of warm water and mustard, in
the proportion of one tumbler of water to one tea-
spoonful of mustard.

Stimulants. I do not believe in giving stimu-
lants of any kind to children, but there are some
low forms of disease, collapsed conditions, where
they may be indicated and prove of service. It is
necessary to know just how to administer them hi
order to avoid doing mischief.

Method of Administering. This is very important.
Brandy and whisky are preferable as a rule. For
infants under one year, brandy should be diluted

with eight parts water. Best way is to determine
the amount to be given, then mix with water, and
then administer in small, frequent doses. Quantity
for one-year-old in twenty-four hours, one-half
ounce. Brandy or whisky may be increased to one
and one-half, rarely two ounces. In children four
years old, double the amount may be employed.
Larger quantities are of doubtful advantage and
may do more harm than good. But remember that
stimulants should never be given to children without
the advice of a physician.

Tonics. Cod-liver oil, especially in convalescence
after acute diseases of the respiratory organs; also
in- anaemia and in delicate children. Do not give
at any time when tongue is coated, the digestion
poor, the stomach easily disturbed. Pure oil to be
preferred. Ten to twenty drops three times a day
is better than large quantities. Hydrolene is an
excellent preparation if the pure oil cannot be
taken.

Cotifo. A constitutional tissue food, admirably
adapted to the need of the growing organism and
weak and backward children. It is a biochemical
preparation containing molecules of Lime, Iron,
Potash, Magnesia and Sodium in the approximate
proportions found in the tissues, highly triturated
and rendered assimilable by the tissues.

Dose. One tablet for infants, two tablets for
children ; may be taken with the regular food three

times a day or they may be taken every three hours
between meals. In acute forms of malnutrition,
weakness, exhaustion, a few tablets may be pre-
scribed every two hours, dissolved in a cup of hot
water, milk, grape juice or broth.

HOMOEOPATHY IN DISEASES OP
CHILDREN.

The special adaptation of homoeopathy to the
treatment of diseases in children has been recog-
nized since its first introduction. It ought to be
universally adopted because of its wonderful success
in this field, for in the treatment of children's dis-
eases homceopathy has achieved its greatest victo-
ries. It has cured many cases pronounced incurable
by the old school ; it converts painful, incurable dis-
orders into conditions of comparative comfort, les-
sens suffering and distress, and is the only medical
treatment that can change the constitution and in-
herited defects.

It is a well-established fact that children brought
up under homoeopathic treatment enjoy better
health, are less liable to have epidemic diseases, re-
cover more quickly when sick, have no ill after-
effects, and are in every way more vigorous and
able to throw off disease germs whenever exposed.

Homoeopathic treatment does away with the reg-
ular uee of purgatives, injections and suppositories
and all forms of drugging.

Homeopathic remedies are harmless, tasteless and
efficient.

Homoeopathic treatment saves time, money,
strength and eradicates permanently and thor-
oughly chronic and hereditary disease tendencies.

SOME SPECIAL INDICATIONS FOR THE

USE OF HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES

FOR CHILDREN.

Since it is impossible to ascertain the subjective
symptoms (those of the patient's own feelings and
sensations) of small children accurately, we must
make use of the objective symptoms, that is, such
as can be perceived by the senses o"f the prescriber,
such as the appearance, expression of the child, the
pulse and temperature, etc. I will give some of the
principal objective symptoms of remedies, which
will enable every one to prescribe the right
remedy in the various diseases to which children
are subject.

ACONITE.

Of all remedies in the materia medica, Aconite
has done more to establish homoeopathy among the
people than any other. Prepared accurately, accord-
ing to homoeopathic principles, we convert a poison-
ous drag into a harmless preparation, capable of
doing wonderful, beneficent work in the cure of
many forms of acute disease. Aconite, in the homoe-

opathist's hands, more than anything else, has done
away with the laneet that ruled supreme when
homceopathy was first introduced. Aconite, again,
is capable of displacing most of the modern drugs
so freely given by the old school for fever and pain.
In this catagory, the various coal-tar products, like
Aspirin, Antikamtiia, Phenacetin, etc., are fright-
fully abused. Especially is this true in the treat-
ment of diseases of children, where we should ever
be on our guard against druging of all hinds. But
even aconite can be abused by giving it in too strong
a dose. The preparations found in the drug stores
are all of them poisonous and must never be em-
ployed. The homoeopathic preparations alone, never
stronger than the "third attenuation" either in pel-
lets, disks or liquid, should ever be given. If these
are used, and the remedy is chosen according to the
indications below, a certain and speedy response
will invariably follow. Aconite, thus given, is one
of the certainties of medical practice and one of the
greatest blessings to mankind.

Aconite is the first remedy for fever.

Much restlessness and tossing about, mental ex-
citement and feverish symptoms shown by the hot,
dry skin, quick pulse and rapid respiration are the
sure indications for the use of aconite in any dis-
eased condition. This state is usually found in the
beginning of all acute diseases, such as eruptive
diseases, bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, etc., and
it is here when aconite comes into use most helpful-
97

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rapidly into croup, bronchitis and pneumonia, and
other serious acute diseases, whieh, under the benign
influence of carefully chosen homoeopathic remedies,
remain simple, passing ill turns, from which the lit-
tle patient makes a quick and perfect recovery.

ANTIMONIUM CRUDUH.

Gastric disturbances, with great mental irritabil-
ity and fretfulness, often require this remedy. The
child is cross, sulky, cannot bear to be touched or
looked at, will not speak ; seems worse in the heat
of the sun and dislikes cold bathing. Tendency to
hives, pimples, pustules, warts, corns. Desires sour
things — pickles.

Objective Symptoms. Eyes infiammed, agglu-
tinated, cantki raw and fissured; nostrils chapped,
sore, cracked, scurfy; pimples on face; yellow
crusted eruptions on cheeks and chin; cracks in
corners of mouth, canker sores ; tongue coated thick
white, as if white-washed. Diarrhoea, hard lumps
mixed with watery discharge or undigested. Belch-
ing and vomiting renewed after taking food or
drink. The babe vomits sour curdled milk as soon
as it takes the bottle.

Dose. One tablet or a few pellets three times a
day.

ARSENICUM.

Whenever this medicine is indicated, the follow-
ing symptoms will be present: The little patient
does not want to be spoken to, and seems to be re-

pain there. Best general remedy for headaches,
sore throats and dry cough. As a local remedy
Belladonna in the form of Belladonna cerate is
one of the best applications for boils, carbuncles,
swollen glands and swellings generally. It will
ease the pain and reduce the inflammation and
swelling.

Dose. A few pellets every hour.

BRYONIA.

This medicine is to be thought of in colds that
invade the chest. The child does not want to be
moved — any motion seems to increase his suffering
— must be kept still in order to be appeased. It is
constipated, stools are large, bard and dry. Lips
dry, parched and cracked ; the child does not like
to take bold of the breast, bnt when once its mouth
is moistened it draws well. Much thirst, diarrhcea
from hot weather. Cough from cold on chest;
pains anywhere that are worse from any motion.

Dose. A few pellets every hour in colds, other-
wise every three hours.

CALCAREA
is the great remedy for fat, flabby children. There
is much perspiration, especially around the head,
so as to wet the pillow. Bloated abdomen, white,
chalk-like stools; child craves eggs, glands are
swollen, slow and difficult dentition. The gums are
101

pale and shiny when the tooth is a long time com-
ing through. The child's feet are cold and damp
and feel as if it had a cold, damp stocking on.
There is great sensitiveness to cold and easily catch-
ing cold. Limp, sweaty hands. Tendency to hives.
Loose-jointed children. Child frequently awakes
about 3 a. m., and is then sleepless. Leueorrhcsa
of little girls.

Dose. Two tablets three times a day.

CHAMOMILLA.

This is the greatest homoeopathic remedy for
diseases of children. The Chamomilla patient is
very fretful and wants to be carried about. Is
very cross, wants everything but refuses it when
offered; child stiffens itself and bends backward,
kicks and screams. The child must have motion,
which is the only thing that relieves him. Colic,
greeuish diarrhcea, or like chopped eggs. Stools
have odor of decayed eggs; one cheek is apt to be
red, the other pale. The child seems to be extra
sensitive to pain, and is very restless ; has redness
of cheeks or of one cheek only.

Dose. A few pellets every half hour until re-
lieved.

:na.

symptoms due to presence
res at nose or rubs it con-
ileep in a dream, is frights

ened. It is seen to swallow continually, seems
very hungry all the time, the urine is milky white,
sleep very restless, pain near navel; the child is
seldom quiet or good natured, whether sleeping or
awake. Does not want to be touched. Grinds the
teeth. Convulsive attacks at night. Dry night
cough. Itching of the rectum.

Dose. A few pellets three times a day.

COFFEA.
Sleeplessness; the first remedy to be thought of.
The child seems very excitable; it seems as if it
could not sleep. It frets and worries; is not cross,
but sleepless. It laughs one moment and cries
the next; is feverish for want of sleep, which it
" cannot obtain. Nervous excitement generally in-
dicates Coffea. Spasms that seem to be brought
on by excessive laughing or playing. Children
who cannot stand any pain at all often find Coffea
a helpful remedy.

Dose. A few pellets every ten minutes for a
few doses.

COLOCYNTHIS.
Much colie, forcing the child to double up with
writhing and twisting. Sometimes the pain is re-
lieved by pressing hard upon the abdomen. Noisy
emission of flatus. Passages small and frequent,
with colic; child has difficulty in voiding urine;

103

strains much; arine is scanty. Any disease accom-
panied by spells of colic pain, in which the child
curls up double and writhes and cries very hard.

Dose. A few pellets every ten minutes until
relieved.

DROSERA.

Whooping-cough. The child is worse after mid-
night, with high fever, cough in violent spasmodic
spells, as if it would suffocate ; sometimes bleeding
at the nose and mouth. Cough with measles, when
it is very hoarse and worse at night.

Dose. A few pellets every two hours.

GELSEMIUM.

Remittent fever; the symptoms are worse at
night; the face is dark-red or has a dusky hue;
there is a great deal of nervous restlessness ; vertigo ;
the child complains that it is falling; is sensitive to
light and sound; is unable to move the limbs in
obedience to the will; pulse is soft and Sowing;
artery easily compressible. Headache as if a band
around the head. Child is drowsy. Qelsemiwm, is
one of the best remedies for colds in warm weather;
child is dull and drowsy ; older children feel dizzy,
and their eyes bother them, cannot keep them open.
Sore throat and swollen glands.

Dose. A few pellets every hour.

HEPAR.

The child seems croupy, and the phlegm is loose
and it chokes when coughing. If there is a rattling,
choking cough, becoming worse particularly in the
early morning. Eruptions on skin that spread by
new pimples appearing just beyond the main dis-
ease, which finally become incorporated with those
which came first. In inflamed eyes, when little
pimples surround them. Mumps. The child,
though plump, has flesh flabby, muscles withered
and digestion weak ; cannot bear pressure on
stomach after eating. Glands are swollen, the child
is subject to catarrh from the least draught of
cold air.

Dose. Two tablets every two hours.

IPECAC

Incessant and most violent cough with every
breath. This symptom is sometimes frightfully
severe in delicate children suffering with measles.
Much nausea and vomiting ; short, hurried breath-
ing. Useful in diarrhoea; stools are green and
fermented; whooping cough — child strangles till
blue in the face.

Dote. . A few pellets every two hours.

LYCOPODIUM.

Useful in gravel. The child always cries and
screams before passing water, and is relieved im-

food — coffee, etc. For teething children being
raised by artificial or mixed feeding. Child is peev-
ish and fretful. Breath very offensive. Cold in the
head; through the night the nose is very dry.
Spasms from indigestion. Irritable children.

Dose. A few pellets every two hours.

PHOSPHORUS.
Bronchial troubles, when the cough is severe and
exhausting. Worse in the evening and during the
night. Then the fever is very high. Particularly
useful for tall and slender children. Hoarseness
that gets worse towards evening. Nervous excit-
ability. Craves cold food. Stools often contain
little particles that look like tallow. Longs for
cold water, but soon vomits it.

Dose, A few pellets every three hours.

PULSATILLA.

Useful in diarrhcea, when the stools are very
changeable — no two alike. Mucus streaked with
blood — worse toward evening. Child is not thirsty,
but seems to be chilly ; and yet he is restless, wants
to be in the open air. Coryza with thick discharge.
Cough is loose. In measles it generally suffices.
Inflamed eyes, especially when worse toward even-
ing and better in open air.

Dose. A few pellets every two hours.

RHUS.
A good remedy for itching of the skin. There is
orach restlessness, particularly at night. Eczema,
especially when a bright edge of inflammation sur-
rounds every portion of the eruption and there is
much itching. Poison oak.

Dose. A few pellets every three hours.

SILICEA.

For scrofulous children. Head is disproportion-
ately large. Child is apt to be obstinate and irrit-
able. The feet smell badly ; profuse, sour-smelling
perspiration upon the head in the evening ; head is
large. Whole bod}' is wasted. Bones are diseased.
Rachitis. Small pricks or cuts fester. Toe nails
grow into the flesh. Appetite lost, averse to
mother's ">i Hr . Weak ankles.

Dose. Two tablets three times a day.

SULPHUR

The Sulphur child is nnduly sensitive to open air
and wind. The child frequently awakes from sleep
screaming; great voracity; wishes to put into its
mouth everything it sees. Its passages excoriate
the anus. The child jumps and starts and screams
fearfully. It has a tendency to excoriations when-
ever the skin is folded upon itself. Pimply erup-
tions. This remedy very often cures the colic and

stomach troubles of infants. The child does not
lite to be washed. It wakes frequently. Sleeps
only in cat naps, and is easily awakened. Seems
to have freqnent weak and faint spells. Particu-
larly for children of delicate parents. Freqnent
relapses; the child seems to be doing well, when,
without apparent cause, it gets worse. It is worse
in early part of the morning. Much itching of the
skin, which is unhealthy generally ; it has a rough
and scaly look. It is dry and harsh. Kicks off '
bed-clothes. Feet are hot and wants them out.
Obstinate, cross, ill-conditioned children. Com-
plains of fatigue every little while ; refuses to stand
much.

Dose, Two tablets night and morning.

TARTAR EMETIC.
Cough with much rattling of mucus — it seems as
if much would be expectorated, but nothing comes
up. Much thirst. Nausea and vomiting. Patient
is drowsy. Sweat on forehead. Child will not be
touched or looked at. Tongue coated. Desire for
cooling things.

Dose. Two tablets every two hours.

If it is remembered how necessary the phosphate of
lime is to the developing and growing organism,
how, indeed, its presence is essential to the initiation
of growth, supplying the first basis for the new tis-
sues, promoting cell growth, its importance as a
constituent of the food becomes evident. This
method of administering Cak,. phos. is of special
benefit in weak, scrofulous* subjects, where digest-
ive difficulties and bowel irritability result in mal-
nutrition. In older children, after acute diseases,
administered in the same way, it proves to be a
real tonic. I think there is an increased activity
to be obtained at times by giving a constitutional
remedy like this with the food — it is then that the
organism is peculiarly receptive, its whole absorbent
and glandular system intensely active, and therefore
offering the best conditions for appropriating the
remedy.

Later in life we find Gale. phos. an excellent rem-
edy at the time of puberty ; girls who are antemic
and have much headache, especially on top of the
head, are much troubled with acne and flatulent
dyspepsia, the distress in the stomach temporarily
relieved by eating.

The intestinal symptoms have often been verified,
The diarrhoea calling for Cole-, phos. occurs most
frequently during the teething period ; the stools are
hot, undigested, sputtering, offensive; the child
hows a craving for indigestible things — ham,

aoked meats, etc.; the region around the navel

ems very sore.

ill

tiveness and in the whining, fretfulness and sleep-
lessness of nervous children. Headaches of school
children. Very offensive breath may call for this
remedy.

KALI SULPH.

In the later stages of catarrhal cough, when there
is much loose phlegm, great rattling of mucus in
chest, this remedy is to be remembered. Its symp-
toms are apt to be worse in the heated room. Use-
ful for dandruff and scald head, eczema, nettle-
rash, and dry, itching skin.

MAGNESIA PHOSPH.

This is a great remedy for all sorts of pains and
spasmodic conditions — colic, etc. All the neuralgic
pains cured by this remedy are relieved for a time
by heat. The child laments all the time about
pain. Spasms with febrile symptoms and in many
complaints of teething children. Flatulent colic,
little patient is somewhat relieved by rubbing, pres-
sure and warmth. Some forms of spasmodic cough.
Good remedy for chorea.

NATRUH MUR.

This is a useful remedy for poor states of nutri-
tion, especially in children living in malarious dis-
tricts. Young girls at time of puberty when they
become chl orotic and anaemic will be benefited by
113

Natrum mur. They are depressed and have blind-
ing, throbbing headache. The eyes are weak, lids
swollen. Often cures running colds with mnch
sneezing and loss of smell and taste. The skin is
shiny and oily. Cold sores. Much craving for salty
food. Nervous jerking during sleep. Child dreams
of robbers. Useful in hives that itch and burn
much, also in crusty eruptions on margin of scalp
and bends of limbs. Ankles are weak.

NATRUH SULPH.

Is unquestionably a valuable remedy in asthma in
children. I have entirely cured by means of this
remedy several cases that had always had an attack
from any change of weather or gastric disturbance.
Almost invariably I found a history of eczema
in these eases. Biliousness ; slimy, bitter taste.

NATRUH PHOSPH.

Especially useful in digestive troubles of chil-
dren when there is much activity. Children who
vomit sour matter, have sour stools with colicky
pains. Babies who vomit a great deal will be bene-
fited by this remedy. Another use is for constipa-
tion of infants, where it often works well. Worms,
too, are attacked by Natrum phospk. by changing
the nutritive soil upon which they thrive, and in
this way it is a constitutional remedy for worms
and accompanying conditions.

Dose and Administration of the Tissue Remedies.
Of the selected medicine, give two tablets of the
sixth trituration every three or four hours. In
more acute forms with fever, give a dose every
hour; in painful affections, every half hour.

HOMCEOPATHY AND HEREDITY.

Homoeopathy, with its pleasant medication, seems
from that fact alone to be especially adapted to
the treatment of disease in children, and has been
so recognized since its first introduction. But its
claims as the only rational medicinal treatment for
all forms of disease, both acute and chronic, rest
on far more important grounds. Homoeopathic
treatment does away with all forms of drugging —
its simple remedies, in themselves harmless, tasteless,
are yet powerful enough to arouse the reactionary
powers of the body and enable it to throw off
disease. Homoeopathy can cure all curable diseases
in the quickest and directest manner; it never de-
pletes the system ; many diseases pronounced incur-
able by the old school are cured by this method;
many surgical cases are brought within its sphere,
and thus the patient is often saved local and sur-
gical treatment. It is a well established fact that
children brought up under homoeopathic treatment
enjoy better health and are less liable to take epi-
demic diseases, recover more quickly when sick, have
no ill after-effects, and are in every way more
vigorous and able to throw off disease germs when-
115

ithe
tb»t

which disease germs find abode and diseases are
developed.

If there is any hereditary taint in your family,
give the child the benefit of homceopathic treatment
through the mother's organism, and much can be
accomplished to the lasting benefit of the coming
man.

Homceopathy alone can supply certain needful
treatment in the care of delicate and weak children
whose development is slow and whose growth is
stunted. It does this by removing the obstacles
within the organism ; its deep-acting constitutional
remedies rectify inherited or acquired defects and
supplement all other measures, such as climatic and
• dietetic change, exercise, rest, and whatever may be
prescribed. Carefully chosen homoeopathic reme-
dies do more specific work than those general meas-
ures necessary as they are. Homceopathic medi-
cines can be adapted to the individual needs of
each patient, to whatever underlying taint or hered-
itary weakness may be present or active. It is the
presence of these constitutional taints that offer a
favorable ground for many forms of chronic disease,
that allow acute diseases to assume a severe type
and run an abnormal course. They interfere with
healthy, happy childhood and normal development.

Every practitioner of experience sooner or later
learns that in order to get a true understanding of
the course of diseases in children the bodily organ-
ization of our little patients, as modified more or
less by heredity, must be the special object of our
117

•; the ground that de-

: i.-Ke ■lipases with
~.Z-*f ~ 'he -attieririd

--: ~- ■■■ -vrrh

by greater liability to be affected by slight causes.
Remember the equally important fact that the
same child, depressed by chrome disease, will have
its nervous sensibility abnormally lowered, and
hence now really serious trouble produce but slight
symptoms ; a serious secondary or intercurrent mal-
ady may excite little notice and take fatal posses-
sion before we are really aware of it.

The same vital activity renders the course of dis-
ease more rapid, the attack more sudden, and shows
severer symptoms. Again the different organs and
functions are linked together more closely and a
close sympathy is established, so that disease in any
organ will cause a general commotion throughout
the body, and the consequent importance of reflex
symptoms where the most prominent symptom may
emanate from some distant organ.

It is for these reasons that a correct diagnosis of
apparently uncomplicated conditions can be given
only by the physician to whose judgment every
mother should appeal.

The chief factors in nursing sick children are
quiet, cleanliness and water.

Quiet is very essential. Put the sick child to bed.
Do not permit visits. Not too much light. Be care-
ful about bed covering. Often it is too heavy and
too much, or too little when child sits up, etc. Well
children should not be in the same room at any
time.

Cleanliness. Sponging all over once or twice a
day, and local washing after evacuations is im-
portant, jjg

Bed must be clean and comfortable. Sheets
should be changed often; warmed before they are
used. See that there are no wrinkles or crumbs or
playthings in the bed that would otherwise inter-
fere with the child's comfort,

DISEASES AND THEIR HOMCEOPATHIC
TREATMENT.

ABSCESS
Is a circumscribed cavity containing pus. It is a
consequence of inflammation of tissues following an
injury, such as a blow or presence of a foreign body.
The chief symptoms are swelling, heat, redness, and
throbbing pain, frequently with shivering or rigors.

Treatment Application of heat, poultices of
flaxseed or linseed. When the abscess has opened,
the wound should be bathed with warm Aqueous
Calendula, one part to five, and afterwards a cloth
with some Calendula cerate be applied. Internally,
give Belladonna every hour, one disk, to be followed
by Uepar, same dose. For abscesses that are slow
to heal, give Silica, one tablet every three hours.

ACNE.

An eruption of pimples, usually on the face, and
especially occurring at the time of puberty. It is
apt to be a very obstinate affection and needs care-
ful local and constitutional treatment.

Treatment. Look to diet, avoid fat and rich

food. Proper attention to bathing, exercise, and

the bowels is necessary. If there is any menstrual
disorder, see to that.

Natrum mur.; a doae night and morning should
bo given to persons with bad, earthy complexion,
who are bloodless and inclined to be constipated
and generally depressed in body and mind.

I Cmdcifuga for facial blemishes in young girls.

Locally use Resorein cream, after bathing parts
with hot water at night on retiring.

ADENOIDS.
A collection of glandular material in the upper-
most part of the pharynx similar to the tonsils.
Sometimes called third tonsil. It nils up the space
I that ought to be free for proper breathing, and so

interferes greatly with the proper development of
the child. Apt to appear about the time when the
first dentition, is completed. It naturally subsides
about the time of puberty. Unfortunately remedies
but partially relieve, and operation is the one thing
that will radically cure; but medicinal treatment
must at the same time be given to prevent recur-
rence, for this is quite frequent. Make the thttd
breathe through the nose, and teach him early the
use of the pocket handkerchief. Encourage deep
breathing exercises with mouth closed. In all cases
of mouth breathing and nasal obstruction, a special-

-;;[ KEOTa

the milk. Some foods composed of wheat and other
cereals must be added to the milk. Avoid the ex-
cessive use of iron. In the form usually given
it is practieally worthless. Prepared homceopathie-
ally, it is assimilated by the organism. For this
purpose, give Ferrum pkosph. 2x trit, three times
a day; a few tablets. Good, nourishing food,
warm clothing and outdoor exercise are of much
benefit. Eggs should form much of the diet. Avoid
hot, close rooms, ill. ventilation, tight clothing.
Hysteria is often combined with anaemia.

Cdlcar. pkosph. 3x, a powder three times a day.
This remedy acts by supplying new blood cells.
Waxy appearance of skin, headache, ringing in
ears, vertigo, cold extremities, tendency to profuse
menstruation,

Ferrum., Easily flushing face, otherwise patient
is pale. Throbbing headache, vomiting food. A
few tablets of the second trituration three times
daily. For older children Hensel's tonicum is an
excellent preparation.

ANKLES WEAK AND PAINFUL.
Children often complain of this condition. The
best treatment to strengthen the joints is to bathe
them with Pinut tincture night and morning. At
the same time give Calcar. pkosph. internally, two
tablets three times daily for one week, then Natrwm
mur. for one week.

APPETITE, LOSS OF.

This is usually a symptom of some general dis-
order, but if the child seems otherwise fairly well,
look to the bowels, give plenty of water and fruit as
part of his diet, and tempt him with a little mi-
fermented grape juice occasionally. At the same
time give China disks, one every two hours until an
improvement shows itself. Sometimes there is a
depraved appetite in growing children, for which
remedies are especially indicated. Among these
Calcarea has craving for chalk, coal and other sim-
ilar things ; Nat. mur. for very salty things ; Uepar
for sour and pungent and highly Savored things.

Again, the appetite is greatly increased, and yet
the little patient does not gain in weight, or even
loses flesh. In such cases Iodwm pellets, a dose
three times a day, is indicated.

ASTHMA
Is rare in infants, hut not uncommon in childhood.
It is a spasm of the bronchial muscular fibres. The
frequent connection between asthma in children
with some form of skin eruption that has been
"cured" by local medication, is certain.

Symptoms. Shortness of breath, with wheezing,
coughing, anxiety and restlessness. Changes- in the
weather, especially when damp or cold, also over-
exertion, running, violent playing, will bring on an
attack. Sometimes the so-called third tonsil is a

cause. Before a cure can be accomplished, this may
have to be removed.

Treatment. For the acute attack I have found
it necessary to find the remedy especially adapted
to each case. When found, it will help in every
subsequent attack. Belladonna and Ipecac, are fre-
quently indicated. When there is a dry, spas-
modic cough, Ferrum phospk. will be indicated with
BeUad. A dose of the selected remedy may be
given every half hour. But for the permanent
core of this affection, a regular coarse of con-
stitutional homeopathic treatment should be insti-
tuted. Natrum sulph. is one of the most important
remedies to be taken for several months, a dose
night and morning.

BILIOUSNESS.

A condition characterized by headache, drowsi-
ness, furred tongue, loss of appetite, bitter taste and
constipation.

Treatment. Children subject to biliousness
should not eat too much meat, drink water freely,
eat fruit and vegetables. Whole wheat bread, or rye
bread, should be used instead of white bread. See
that the skin is in good condition, and give a warm
salt water bath twice a week. Among remedies Jfux,
a few pellets three times a day, followed by Sulphur,
given in the same way, each for one week, will often
eradicate the tendency. For an acute attack Podo-
125

pkj/Uum- is the best general remedy, a dose every
hour until better.

Do not get into the habit of dosing children for
bilious attacks, but look rather to the cause and
rectify it by dietetic and hygienic measures.

BITES AND STINGS.

Insects in stinging 1 usually leave their stings in
the wound. It should first be extracted and the
wound then treated with a solution of baking: soda.
A freshly sliced onion applied is of service. If
fresh leaves of the houseleek are handy, bruise
these and apply. A strong solution of Ammonia is
often effective. The best homoeopathic remedy is
Ledum tincture, which may be applied and drop
doses taken internally.

BLEEDING OP THE NOSE.

This is usually an innocent matter occurring in
the course of some acute diseases, especially in full-
blooded children. If too frequent or persistent,
besides cold water to nose, pressure applied to nos-
trils, cold to neck and spine, give Samamelis ex-
tract, a teaspoonful in a cup of water, sipping it
every few minutes until better. Arnica is the rem-
edy if due to exertion or injury. Often a small
ulcer upon the septum is the cause of obstinate
nosebleed. Apply locally Calendula and Boracic
acid cerate and give Ferrum pftosph. 6x three times
a day.

BOILS.

The beat remedy to give at the commencement,
along with the application of warm poultices, is
Arnica, five drops being dissolved in a tumblerful
of water and a teaspoonful taken every two hours.
The increase of the boil will thus, in most cases, be
stopped, and on expression of the contents, healing
quickly follows. If the formation matter is at-
tended with throbbing pain, Hepar sulphuris should
be given every two hours, a quantity of the powder
of the size of a pea placed dry on the tongue. (See,

BONE, DISEASES OF
Which have a scrofulous origin, such as white
swelling of the knee and hip-joint disease, can by
no means be treated without medical aid. If it is
impossible to resort to a homoeopathic physician,
there may be given at long intervals Silicea, Phos-
phorus, Calcarea Fluorica, three doses daily, each
for one week. Meanwhile the strength of the little
patient must be kept up by careful attention to
diet, nourishing and easily digested food being of
prime consideration. Bovinine, some malt prepara-
tions, milk and eggs must form part of the dietary.

BOWEL OBSTRUCTION.

Bloody movements, slime and mucus and con-
stipation may be due to obstruction of the bowel.
The child screams with pain; the abdomen is dis-

127

tended and tender, vomiting and convulsive symp-
toms. A physician must be summoned, but until
bis arrival give an enema of soap suds, to which
a few drops of Spirits of Camphor may be added.
At the same time use hot fomentations to the
abdomen.

Bow to Owe an Enema. Have everything ready
and laid on a chair or table near by; the nurse
takes the baby on her lap and lays it on its left
side with the knees drawn up. This is easier said
than done with a struggling baby. The tube, which
should be the smallest that comes with the syringe,
should be oiled, the air expelled and the tube in-
serted in the rectum and the bulb gently squeezed.
Pressure is applied over the rectum to retain the
enema for a short time. (See Constipation.)

BRONCHITIS.

Acute inflammation of the mucous lining of the
air-tubes of the lungs, involving more or less the
smaller tubes.

Bronchitis is one of the most important diseases
of childhood on account of its frequency, its lia-
bility to complication with pneumonia simply by
extending to the smaller tubes and finally to the
air-cells, and the danger from suffocation which
the blocking up of the tubes involves.

Causes. Cold, keen and cutting winds, or sud-
den changes of temperature; insufficient clothing;
inhalations of dust, smoke, or other irritative sub-

stances. Bronchitis may also arise during measles,
whooping-cough, etc., especially in weakened chil-
dren.

Symptoms. Feverishness, headache, lassitude,
cough, a feeling of tightness in the chest, especially
the front portion; the breathing becomes difficult
and hurried, with wheezing or whistling sounds;
there is a severe cough, which is at first dry, but is
afterwards attended with sticky or frothy expec-
toration, which is sometimes streaked with blood,
afterwards becoming thick, yellowish and mattery.
The pulse is frequent, often weak ; the urine scanty
and high colored; the tongue foul, and there are
pains in the forehead and eyes, aggravated by the
cough. Unfavorable symptoms are : Cold perspira-
tion; pale and livid cheeks and lips; cold feet and
hands; rapid breathing, the sides of the nostrils
Sapping widely at each breath ; drowsiness ; extreme
prostration; rattling ia the throat; and complete
insensibility. In favorable cases the disease begins
to decline between the fourth and eighth day.

Treatment. Aconitum, Febrile symptoms, es-
pecially at the commencement, when it may shorten
the attack, or even arrest it at once. Further indi-
cations are : A short, hard cough, from tickling of
the windpipe and chest, causing frontal headache ;
burning and soreness in the chest.

Ferrwm phos. may follow Aconite for similar
symptoms, but the child is not so restless, but rather
quiet, as if suffering more.

129

Tartar emetic. Wheezing in, the chest; suffocative
cough, with copious, loose expectoration, and sick-
ness; short breathing, palpitation and headache.

Bryonia. Rapid and difficult breathing, suffoca-
tive .cough with pain ; wants to be perfectly quiet.

Ipecacuanha. Cough in fits; retching; vomiting
of mucus; short, continuous, hacking cough.

Calcarea phos. 2x trituration, four times a day,
in the tedious cases of delicate children.

Administration. A dose every two hours ; during
recovery, less often.

Accessory Measures. The patient should be
kept in a warm atmosphere (65° to 70°), which
should be moistened by steam (a kettle may be kept
boiling on the fire). A warm wrapper should al-
ways be in readiness, so that if the child suddenly
asks to be taken out of bed, he may not be exposed
to any risk of taking cold. Another important
point is the posture of the little patient. He should
not be laid quite flat, but somewhat propped up in
bed. This posture favors the general circulation
and enables the patient to take an easier and deeper
breath. The patient should be kept very quiet,
have little pieces of ice to suck, gammy kinds of
drink, and liquid farinaceous food. In feeble
children, and in prolonged cases, exhaustion is
liable to come on, requiring nourishing support,
Cod-liver oil, etc.

130

Tedious cases are" much helped by rubbing in
sweet oil all over the chest by a good fire ; repeated
night and morning.

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA.

This is a serious disease, occurring most fre-
quently in children under five years of age, and as
a complication frequently of other diseases, measles,
whooping-cough, and occurs in rickely children
especially. If the tubercular diathesis be present,
recovery becomes doubtful. In such cases the
course will be tedious; the temperature remits, but
the case is apt to continue in spite of the treatment.
When a child suffering from an ordinary attack of
bronchitis suddenly shows an increase of severity
of all symptoms, fever, respiration and pulse in-
creased, marked difficulty of breathing, frequent
cough, nostrils working, much restlessness, it is
more than likely that a case of broncho-pneumonia
has developed ; that is, some of the smaller lobules
of the lung have become inflamed and the air cells
of the part affected become filled with mucus which
now takes the place of the air. It is a dangerous
disease and needs very careful treatment and nurs-
ing, and medical attention on the part of the family
physician. The rythm of respiration is disturbed.
The normal rhythm is inspiration, expiration,
pause. In this disease it is inspiration, pause, ex-
piration, the latter with an effort and grunt. Among
remedies F errum phos., Tartar emet. and Phos-

phorus are the most important. Begin treatment
with Perrum phos., a dose every, half hour, and
follow after several hours with Phosphorus and
Tartar emetic, hourly doses alternately. When
improvement shows itself, the interval between
doses may be lengthened. In the tuberculous type,
Arsenic jod. and Iodoform are the remedies that
promise most Convalescence is alow, and for the
full restoration to health a change to a mild, warm
climate is often advisable. It is in these cases that
Cod-liver oil often comes in very helpfully as a
nutrient tonic.

BURNS AMD SCALDS.
Treatment. (1) Cover the burn immediately
with cotton wool, to exclude the air; or, for the
same object, (2) cover with linen rags, or cotton
wool saturated with olive oil; or, (3) powder the
wound plentifully with flour, keeping it well cov-
ered by new applications if necessary ; or, (4) cover
the whole with a plaster of soap, made by scraping
white curd soap and working it into a salve with
tepid water and spreading it upon linen or muslin.
Slight or superficial burns or scalds may be relieved
by holding the part to the fire, or by applying
spirits of turpentine, brandy or spirits of wine ,to
them. In dressing burns, puncture the blisters and
remove the old skin, but expose the wound as little
as possible to the action of the air; do not dress
oftener than once a day, and do not disturb the

parts by washing them. The exclusion of the air
from the part affected is of the utmost consequence,
and it is best to apply that dressing which can be
obtained the quickest. Carbolized vaseline is an
excellent application, and should be substituted for
plain olive oil when obtainable. Internally, give
Ferrwm phosph. 6x trituration, a powder dissolved
in water, and teaspoonful doses every hour. In
severe bums, Cantkaris 3, internally is of great
value.

CATARRH.
In its various forms, is one of the most common
diseased conditions known. It attacks all ages and
classes, and tends to run a chronic course, and pre-
disposes to serious diseases of the lungs and other
organs. The skin which lines all passages of the
body — nose, throat, bronchial tubes, (esophagus,
stomach, etc. — is called the mucous membrane.
Countless little glands come to the surface of this
skin, or membrane, and exude into the passages a
thin liquid called mucus, which keeps the passages
smooth and moist. Catarrh totally changes the
condition of these glands by enlarging and inflam-
ing them and by causing the death of many of their
cells." These dead cells are next expelled from the
mouth of the gland in a stream upon the surface of
the mucous membrane. What had been, in health,
a thin liquid secreted from the blood, and contain-
ing just the properties to keep the membrane
smooth and healthy, becomes now a thick mass of

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ia duration. Under

Sulphur when the skin is dry and unhealthy.
Children who do not like to be washed. Take cold
constantly. Feet burn and want to be uncovered.

Kali bick, perhaps the best general remedy to be-
gin treatment with. When the discharge is stringy,
tough and drops down into the back part of the
throat, it will soon show its beneficial action.

Hepar. When the child is exceedingly sensitive
to all changes of weather and touchy generally.

The selected remedy should be given persistently
for several weeks, a dose three times daily, before
trying another. Many cases require some local
treatment by means of a spray, one of the best be-
ing Hydrastis, to be followed later by one containing
Eucalyptus, one part of the tincture to five of warm
water, to which a pinch of salt has been added.

CHAFING

Is produced by friction, especially in fat children,
and usually in the groins, neck, etc. The parts
should be well washed and carefully dried and
dusted with Calendulated Boracic acid. If bathing
with water smarts, use milk to which some Aqueous
Calendula is added, and then powder. A few doses
of Calcarea will often take away the tendency to
easy chafing.

CHILL.

The first and best medicine on taking chill, with

shivering and feverishness, is always Aconite 2x.

Employed early, this is by itself the master remedy

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The treatment of the various forms of cold by
means of homoeopathy is exceedingly satisfactory.
Not only is it the pleasantest method of treatment,
but also the speediest and most effective. The proc-
ess is nipped in the bud, and what might otherwise
develop into a serious disease, be it bronchitis or
other acute and dangerous illness, passes off in a few
days without any after-effects or chronic lesion.
Repeated colds do weaken the resisting power of the
organism and thus perpetuate themselves. In these
cases it is necessary to look to the diet and hygiene
of the little patients and then prescribe some con-
stitutional remedies to overcome the undue tend-
ency to cold-taking. Such children must be guarded
against the too free use of sweets, mushes, etc., and
be given for several weeks or months daily doses of
Calcarea and Svlphur. The good effects wilj soon
be seen in a lessened tendency to take cold, and in
milder attacks when they do come. Besides this
necessary medicinal eradicative treatment, attention
must be paid to the diet, which must be wholesome,
simple and well prepared ; clothing, which must not
be too heavy and warm, so as to produce perspira-
tion on the slightest exertion, or, on the other hand,
unnecessarily exposing the limbs for "hardening"
purposes. See that the bed-rooms are well venti-
lated, for polluted air poisons the blood and favors
catarrhal conditions. Avoid, as a rule, gas-heated
stoves, unless provided with a flue. See that the
drainage pipes are perfect and the gas fixtures free
from leaks, especially at this time, when gas is very

poor and cheap. The respiratory portion of the
nasal cavity is very narrow and trifling catarrhal
condition may cause complete obstruction from the
congestion and secretion caused by the coryza.
Young children easily take colds in the head, with
swelling of the mucous membrane and occlusion of
the nasal passages.

The proper treatment of acute colds, whether
attended by fever or not, is to put the child to bed.
The proper temperature of the room ought to be
about 70° F. Hot lemonade is the best drink ; warm
drinks generally; milk and some effervescing or
plain water, soups, broths, gruels, milk toast, baked
apples or stewed fruit, oranges, constitute the bulk
of the diet for a day or two, until improvement sets
in. Among the remedies for colds, the following can
be relied upon to modify every case, and, when in-
dicated, to promptly "break it up." The weather
and season influence to a considerable extent the
selection of a remedy. Aconite is especially called
for in sudden change to a dry, cold state of the
weather, after exposure to cold wind. Gelsemium
acts best for colds in rather warm weather, relaxing
conditions of the atmosphere. Dulcamara is suited
to damp, rainy spells. Again, the character that the
cold assumes helps to determine the remedy. Thus,
an acute coryza with much sneezing and running at
the nose, thin, watery discharge,- is cured magically
by a few doses of Natrum tnur. If the coryza soon
stops and the cold travels downward and settles on
the chest, Kali hyd. will be the proper remedy. As
140

a rule, .the best general first remedy for colds as
manifested throughout California is QwiUoya, which
will either stop the process after a few doses or pre-
pare the way for some other remedy. A few doses
of two pills each given every half hour will modify
the course of many a cold and cure radically quite
a percentage. (See Catarrh.)

COLIC

Fain in bowels, usually due to flatulence, indi-
gestible food, drinking cold water, worms or other
intestinal irritation, lead poisoning, etc.

There is usually no fever present. In children
there is with it much crying, writhing of body, legs
are drawn up towards the stomach, rumbling in
bowels, and the pain is relieved by firm pressure
and hot applications.

Repeated attacks of intestinal colic in older chil-
dren should receive the attention of a physician, as
they may indicate appendicitis.

Treatment. Apply heat to abdomen and be sure
that the feet are dry and warm; give an injection
of warm water if the bowels have not moved.

The first remedy to be given is Chamomtila, which
will usually help after a few doses. If necessary,
follow with Magnesia pkos. 3s trituration. Flatu-
lent colic, forcing the patient to bend double; in
children the legs are drawn up. Colicky babies when

giene, besides the carefully selected homoeopathic
remedies. Avoid purgatives of all kinds. The habit
of using them is worse than the constipation. Often-
times a little Sweet ml will have the desired effect.
Use a good, pure, California olive oil in teaspoonful
doses. To produce an immediate result it may be
necessary until the remedies have time to act to
give a small enema of soapy water to unload the
bowels, or a conical stick of castile soap, which
should be tapering and from two to three inches
long, may be inserted. Otycerine suppositories are
good, but must not be given too often, as they
have a tendency to dry the lower bowel. None of
these measures should be used regularly — they are
unobjectionable occasionally, but harmful if used
all the time.

Diet. Regular intervals of feeding most be ob-
served. Between the feeding the baby should have
sips of cool water offered, especially when the stools
are hard and dry. Especially necessary in warm
weather and whenever the urine shows a red deposit
on the napkin. In bottle-fed children beware of
starchy food. Sometimes sweetened water with a
lump of sugar or brown sugar will be useful. Again
a half to a whole teaspoonful of molasses, and, in
older children, a piece of molasses candy may prove
desirable. But in some children sweets ferment in
the intestines and thus are hurtful.

Oatmeal gruel, graham flour gruel, corn meal or

a teaspoonful of malt extract, or the addition of

148

Mscvlus is an excellent drug when the stools are
in dark hard balls and the mucous membrane is
dry. In aggravated cases

Opium 30 may follow with advantage. Other
children are benefited by Sulphur 30 night and
morning.

Bryonia when the stools are very large and dry,
the little patient does not like to make much exer-
tion of any kind. This may be followed by

Alumina 30, a dose night and morning. If these
remedies do not suffice the case must be studied
more carefully by a homceopathic physician.

COUGHS.

A cough is a common symptom of a cold on the
chest or throat. It is frequently of short duration
and yields readily to simple home remedies, or bet-
ter, to the proper homceopathic medicine. Again,
it is a symptom of more serious diseases, bronchitis,
pneumonia, consumption or reflex from worms, or
other irritation. When not accompanied by fever
and general ill feeling, it is the more frequent form
of a cold, and this is the only cough coming within
the range of domestic treatment.

In selecting a proper remedy see if the cough is
dry or loose, painful, and note the conditions under
which it is worse or better, whether in open air,
morning or night, etc.

For dry coughs, Aconite, Bellad. and Spongia are
the best remedies. For loose, Pvlsat, Tori, emetic.

Aconite dry cough after exposure to cold wind,
croupy cough coming on suddenly at night with
hoarseness, fever and restlessness.

Belludtmna dry, hacking cough, worse at night,
preventing sleep, with sore throat, headache.

Bryonia: Hard, dry, shaking cough with sore
chest, stitches, worse moving about. Will often
loosen up a cough.

Hepar. Hoarse, croupy cough coming on after
midnight, throat sensitive with feeling of splinter
in it. Child is extremely sensitive to cold.

Ipecac. Violent, constantly hacking or suffocat-
ing cough, with nausea or vomiting; child becomes
stiff and blue in face.

Tartar Etnet. Loose cough, much rattling of
mucus; child sweats a good deal, and is weak and
drowsy.

It is not wise to suppress a cough by means of
any preparation containing .Opium. Most of the
cough syrups contain more or less of it and are
hurtful, especially for babies and young children,
the exception being the Homoeopathic Cough and
Croup Syrup, which is harmless and adapted to
most kinds of cough. Malt bon-bons or some
Glycerine jujubes are harmless and often soothe
the dry, irritated throat, and may be given in con-
junction with homoeopathic remedies.
148

CROUP.

The word croup, as usually used, applies to what
the physician knows as false or spasmodic croup, in
contradistinction to true or membranous croup.
The latter is one of the most dangerous diseases of
childhood and has a very high rate of mortality ;
but while so dangerous it is, fortunately, corre-
spondingly rare. Spasmodic croup, on the other
hand, is a very common complaint among young
children, and is attended with comparatively little
danger. The more gradual and insiduous the onset
the more likely it is that true croup is threatened,
and no time should be lost to consult a physician.

Spasmodic croup is peculiar in coming on very
suddenly in the night. The child has been exposed
during the day, usually to a dry, cold wind ; he may
show some signs, before going to bed, of having
taken cold, but there is no cough. Suddenly in the
night, usually after midnight, he wakens with a
start and with great difficulty in breathing, he
gasps for breath, and, if old enough, clutches at his
throat; can hardly talk above a whisper; the cough
is explosive and very hard, described as crowing,
barking, metallic, brassy; the cough, in short, is
"cronpy." What that word means to one who has
once heard it! These symptoms are indeed alarm-
ing, but yield readily as a rule to homoeopathic
remedies and hot compresses to the throat.

Treatment Give Aconite 3x, a dose every five

minutes till the severity of the symptoms has

147

^3 <nier to

correct these abnormal conditions careful regula-
tion of the diet and homceopathic remedies are re-
quired, but only a competent physician can under-
take the care of these patients, as much time and
patience and close study must be given to each in-
dividual case. (See Scrofula, Tuberculosis and
Rickets. )

DIARRHOEA.

This is a very frequent symptom of many differ-
ent diseases and is itself a serious ailment when
occurring during teething, or as summer diarrhoea
or cholera infantum. It should never be allowed to
go unchecked or to continue without discovering its
cause.

The various forms of diarrhoea which prevail
among children have been given different names;
they are grades of one and the same disease. Chol-
era Infantum needs the heat of summer for its de-
velopment, and is attended with great prostration
and danger of collapse. If simple diarrhoea is not
cured it is apt to be converted to inflammatory
diarrhoea, called Entero-colitis, which may last a
month or more and is a serious matter.

Causes. Improper food, especially farinaceous,
unclean milk or such as has been transported for
too great a distance; contaminated water; malaria
due to imperfect sewerage; atmospheric conditions;
sudden changes; summer heat, etc.

Symptoms. The normal infant stool is yellow,
homogeneous and about the consistence of thin
mush. Abnormal types are

Green Stools, when green immediately upon pas-
sage due to fermentation, the result of bacterial
action.

Curdy Stools, due to undigested casein or fat.

Slimy Stools are the result of catarrhal inflam-
mation.

These vary extremely, even in recent and acute
attacks, from a slight, painless increase in the
quantity, frequency, and altered form of the evacu-
ations, to violent, painful and frequent purging;
watery evacuations, perhaps several times every
hour, being ejected with spasmodic force. In the
more severe stage they are sometimes streaked with
blood, and mixed with mucus. There is also gener-
ally sickness, thirst, and an interruption in the
nourishing process. The eyes are sunken, the fea-
tures pinched and darkish; the pulse rapid and
feeble and the extremities cold.

Treatment. Stop all food for a little while, or
give only a little barley water or veal broth. In
many cases small quantities of iced milk contain-
ing a tablespoonful of lime water to a gobletful of
milk is sufficient. It is refreshing, nourishing and
astringent. Bice gruel, boiled rice milk thickened
with flour and seasoned with salt makes an excellent
160

dish in diarrhoea. Barley water with white of egg,
adding the white of one egg to about fonr ounces of
barley water, is a most valuable aid and will often
relieve when other foods fail. Clean mashed carrots
boiled in lamb broth makes an admirable food in
wasting diarrhoea. The abdomen and feet ought to
be kept warm. A flannel bandage is advisable.

ChamomiUa. Diarrhoea from cold during teeth-
ing, with colicky pain; child is very fretful and
restless ; one cheek hot and red ; yellowish skin.

Ipecac. Child seems much nauseated with the
attack, or even vomits; stools are bloodstreaked,
dark.

China. Painless stools. Abdomen distended ; full
of wind ; child is weak and perspires.

Calcarea. Diarrhcea during teething ; stools
clayey or sour; child perspires a great deal. Espe-
cially adapted for fat children with cold, damp feet
and swollen stomach.

Pod&phyUum. With the diarrhcea child grinds
the teeth, rolls the head; skin jaundiced; bowels
come down; stools very profuse, painless. Of the
selected remedy a dose should be given after every
evacuation. (See, also, Indigestion.)

DIPHTHERIA.
A highly contagious disease due to a specific
micro-organism poisoning the blood and producing
a pseudo-membrane in the throat.

Symptoms. The child will complain at first of
Bore throat associated with fever, offensive breath,
swelling of glands at the angle of the jaw, pain on
swallowing, pain in back and limbs. On examining
the throat it will be found red, tonsils swollen and
covered with patches of membrane. This will
spread rapidly for several days. There is also en-
largement of the glands of the neck, drowsiness and
aversion to food. In malignant types the inflam-
mation ia apt to extend to the air passages, nose
and larynx, which is most fatal. Dangerous symp-
toms are increased, drowsiness and delirium, feeble
pulse, great fever, bleeding from nose, hoarseness
and increased swelling of the glands about the neck.
During convalescence there is great danger of par-
alysis of the throat, shown by difficult swallowing,
hoarseness, and especially loss of nervous power of
the heart with feeble action and possibly sudden
death from heart failure.

Treatment As the discharges from the mouth
and nose carry the infection, the greatest cleanliness
and antiseptic care must be given. An abundance
of cloths must be provided, to be burned immedi-
ately after use. Diphtheria is caused by a germ
which settles on the back of the throat and grows
there, at the same time producing a poison which
spreads all over the system. The treatment must
therefore be both local and general.

The patient must be isolated. The temperature
of the room should be 65°. Best to have some moist

air by keeping a kettle of boiling water in the
room, to which some vinegar may be added. A
spray of Peroxide of Hydrogen, 1:4 of water ad-
ministered in a glass atomizer, or one of perman-
ganate of Potash, 1 to 1,000, every two hours, is the
best local treatment. But if the little patient
strongly objects to local treatment, so that he re-
quires physical restraint, I forego it altogether and
rely on internal remedies alone. Children old
enough to gargle should do so with alcohol diluted
in four parts of water and one of vinegar.

Diet. This is most important. Even if it pains
to swallow food, the patient ought to be encouraged
to take it. In this disease, stimulation is of great
use; henee a teaspoonful of whisky diluted with
water, or, better still, with milk, every two hours,
should be given unhesitatingly. Milk, beef -tea,
broths, eggs, egg-nog, coffee at times, ice cream,
bovinine, beef-juice, should form the list from
which a selection be made.

• Children who persistently refuse to swallow must
have nutritive injections in bad cases.

If vomiting occur, sucking small pieces of ice
tends to allay it; ice also affords comfort to the
patient, and favors the action of the kidneys.

Medicines. Diphtheria must invariably be
treated by a physician, and in no case must any
time be lost. Call him early and carry out his
directions to the letter. Until his arrival half hourly

Kali bich. Hoarse, croupy cough. Tongh stringy
discharge. Diphtheria extends to the nose.

Laekesis. Very sensitive to anything around

throat. It is worse on the left side. Patient is
always worse after sleeping.

Mercur cyanatus 6x. Great prostration and ma-
lignant cases.

Mercur bijod. 3x. Much swelling of glands on
outside of throat. Tongue heavily coated and
slimy.

Dose. Of the selected remedy a dose should be
given every half hour in severe cases; otherwise
every hour. When improvement shows itself, the
remedy must be given less frequently.

EYE AND EAR TROUBLES.

All serious eye diseases require the care of a
specialist. Go to a homoeopathic specialist, who is
able to combine local surgical and mechanical treat-
ment with constitutional. A common trouble is
conjunctivitis, an acute inflammation of the lining
of eyelids and eye ball. Cold, draughts, changes of
temperature, strong light, heat, smoke, dust, or
foreign bodies in the eye, usually cause it.

Symptoms. Itching or soreness ; dread of light ;
feeling as of sand under the lids; redness of the
eyes, with swelling of the vessels ; pricking or shoot-

ing pains; small swellings or pimples, and scales on
the lids; the pains increase in the evening, and on
exposure to cold, and there is stickiness of the lids
in the morning. In some cases there is a mattery
discharge, which may be communicated to another
by touch.

Acotatum. Catarrhal Ophthalmia; the white of
eyes is covered with swollen blood vessels, which
present the appearance of red network.

Belladonna. Pain, redness, and swelling ; throb-
bing in the temples ; flushed cheeks, glistening eyes
and dread of light.

Squint. A condition in which the visual lines do
not meet at the point fixed. When one eye fixes or
looks at a given point, the other eye turns in toward
the nose. Onee established, the condition generally
remains permanent. But even if they outgrow it
the eye is left with its sight permanently weakened.

Treatment consists in fitting proper glasses.
Sometimes a course of remedies, especially Qelsem-
wm and Cicvta, will prove beneficial. Give a dose
three times a day.

Eyelids are often swollen, red and inflamed, and
crusts are apt to form on the margin.

The chief medicines are Graphites, Calcarea and
Sulphur, three doses of one daily for several days ;
then follow with the others. Local applications
must be avoided, as a rule, but the lids may be
bathed with warm milk and water.
166

Ears. A discharge from the ear should never be
neglected. It is usually the result of an acute in-
flammation of the middle-ear, and often follows
measles and scarlet fever.

The principal remedy is Pulsatilla, followed by
Calcarea; but it is advisable in all eases to consult a
competent specialist should these remedies not soon
cure the case.

Earache. A very common complaint in children,
arising from colds, due to exposure to wind or
draughts, improper bathing, etc. The crying of
children from earache is spasmodic, and the hand is
carried to the head, indicating the seat of the
trouble. There may be some fever, much restless
tossing about, hot head, etc. Earache is always
a serious matter and must be attended to. Fre-
quently it is followed by acute inflammation of the
middle ear, with subsequent discharge and chronic
suffering, or the inflammation may extend to the
mastoid and brain, necessitating an operation. So
if the simple measures do not bring relief, call in
your physician for further advice.

The treatment consists in the application of heat
to the part, a few drops of warm sweet oil inserted
into the outer ear and the internal use of

Aconite. A dose every ten minutes when the
chitd is restless, feverish, cries much, and after ex-
posure to cold wind.

Belladonna. When the child becomes excited, is

delirious, pupils dilated, hot and sweaty head, cries

1ST

out frequently, even in deep or when the pain pre-
vents sleep.

ChamomiUa. When one cheek especially is red
and hot, and the child is very irritable and cross.
Warmth seems to make matters worse.

Mullein Oil. A few drops warmed, inserted into
the ear often acts magically and is advisable after
the acute symptoms have passed away, especially if
the child seems to be somewhat deaf.

ECZEMA.

This is the most frequent skin affection of child*
hood, often connected with faulty feeding, fre-
quently a manifestation of uric acid diathesis, and
hence in children of gouty parents and in scrofulous
types of children. Indigestion is the most important
cause. It is sometimes difficult to determine just
where the error lies, whether in the quantity or
quality of the food, or in too frequent feeding,
hence from overwork of the stomach the food being
improperly digested, and ptomaines and other prod-
ucts of auto-intoxication form giving rise to skin
and mucous membrane disturbances. Older chil-
dren get sometimes skin affections from the too free
use of sugar in their dietary. Sometimes strong
soaps cause it, and too vigorous use of even harmless
soap and water in very sensitive skins.

The treatment consists in the proper local care of
the skin, regulation of diet and administration of

internal remedies. These latter, however, must he
carefully chosen and not given too often.

In every ease of eczema, one symptom will always
be present, and that is the terrible itching. The
presence of this annoying condition is with the child
the most serious impediment to a speedy cure, for
scratch he most and will, and application soothing
to the irritated skin of some Bort must be made. My
plan is to prescribe for this purpose cornstarch,
which I use freely and at all times. It certainly
allays the itching to some extent and protects the
irritated surface and absorbs the exudation. I do
not advise the free use of water. For the bathing
that is necessary I prefer bran water or warm milk
and water, and after thorough drying with a soft
towel, the free use of cornstarch. Besides these
simple local measures the Bemoated zinc ointment
is a useful preparation. But the scabs and scales
must first be removed by washing with warm milk,
then the salve may be applied by means of a band-
age. Local application to be really effective, must
be adapted to the stage of the disease, thus salves
that would benefit in the later stages, when there is
not much moisture or exudation, would really do
harm when used earlier. I do not like stronger ap-
plications, especially the mercurial preparations, for
there is certainly danger of suppressing the local
symptoms and producing permanent affections of
the respiratory organs, asthmatic attacks most fre-
quently. This I know from experience. Among
internal remedies the principal are Sulphur, Cai-
ro

Belladonna. Bright red, smooth variety.

Bhus. When vesicles form.

Of the selected medicine, a dose of 3 pellets may
be given every 2 hours. But a physician should
always have the care of the case.

FEVER (Simple or Inflammatory).

Fever is a disorder of the body heat. In fever the
body is incapacitated for work. The energy that
would naturally be force is changed into heat.
There is an increased wasting of the tissues. More
fuel is consumed. When the thermometer shows a
temperature of over 98%° P. it is called fever.
Ordinarily, with a rise of temperature, there is an
increase in the heart beats and number of respira-
tions.

Shivering, sickness and pains in the back, fol-
lowed by hot dry skin, thirst, headache, short
breathing, quick full pulse, loss of appetite, and
scanty urine. Simple fever is mostly a slight and
transient disorder when occurring alone, but when
fever accompanies eruptive or inflammatory diseases
it becomes more serious.

The fevers of childhood are for the most part
symptomatic, such as those which accompany den-
tition, eruptive diseases, colds, inflammations of
various organs, malaria, worms, indigestion. Often
the child is thrown into a feverish state, and the
clinical thermometer will show quite a rise, simply
from a constipated state of the'bowels, a fit of indi-
lfll

gestion due to & alight error in diet, etc. A fool
state of the stomach and sluggish bowels are a very
frequent cause of fever in children. With it we
may have difficult breathing, dilated pupils, sleep-
lessness, and even spasms. Before remedies can do
much good, the intestinal tract should be cleared
by stopping all food, giving lots of water, orange
juice or mi fermented grape juice. Give an enema
at once and some simple medicine acting gently on
the bowels. This treatment for these cases is self-
evident, and then follow it with a few doses of
Nux, three or f onr pellets every hoar.

The catarrhal fever as an accompaniment of acute
colds, especially when epidemic, like grippe, is
known by the other symptoms, such as coryza,
cough, aching in limbs, etc. Exposure to cold and
so-called bilious states predispose the system to
ready acceptance of the reigning epidemic in-
fluence. The remedies most often indicated are
Aconite, Gelaemium and Bryonia.

Aconite. After exposure to dry, cold air; patient
is restless, hot, nervous, much fever, thirsty. A
few doses every half-hour will often break up the
whole condition, produce a gentle, sweet sleep, and
patient awakes comparatively comfortable.

Gelsemium. is to be preferred when patient is
quiet, drowsy, chills up and down the back and
very languid. Patient is dizzy, has headache and
general aching.

Bryonia may follow either when tongue is much
coated; thirsty, costive and irritable. More or less
coughs and rheumatic pains. Patient wants to be
quiet, does not want to be carried about or moved
much.

Children sometimes do have worms, more often
however not, when they are supposed to be so af-
flicted. In case worms are actually present, besides
a fitful fever, worse towards evening and into the
night, there will be numerous other symptoms point-
ing to the abdominal disturbance. At all events
Cina, given every three hours, will help to clear up
the case.

During dentition again we have numerous reflex
symptoms, and fever is a frequent symptom. Here
Aconite for excitable, nervous, restless, crying chil-
dren, followed by Belladonna, when they cannot
sleep, start and twitch, will make the little victims
comfortable. Do not forget the soothing effects of a
frequent sip of cold water in the fevers and restless-
ness of teething children, indeed plenty of fresh
water in all cases of sickness attended by fever.

In the treatment of fever, the room in which the
patient is should be cool, airy and well ventilated,
and kept at an even temperature of about sixty
degrees. The covering of the bed should in general
be light, but suited to the feelings of the patient;
the linen should be often changed, and the patient
may be frequently sponged down with tepid water.
The diet must he light, easy of digestion, and un-
stimulating — barley water, thin gruel, or arrow-
163

GLANDULAR AFFECTIONS.
No class of diseases is more strikingly benefited
by homoeopathic remedies as acute, and especially
chronic inflammations of the various glands
throughout the body. There is usually a scrofulous
taint at the bottom to account for the readiness
with which, from apparently slight causes, the
glands will grow painful and swell. The treatment
of chronic cases requires patience and not too fre-
qnent change of remedies. Belladonna is the chief
remedy for all acute swellings. Calcar. phosph. for
more chronic cases. Commence with the second
trituration. Give three doses daily for one week;
then give the third, sixth and twelfth potency in the
same way. Silica for suppurating glands. If pus
forms, it should be evacuated by a surgeon; the
abscess, must not be allowed to open itself, otherwise
ugly scars will form.

GRAVEL.

Whenever there is a sandy sediment in the urine
care should be taken to change the diet, avoiding
too rich food and drinking plenty of pure water.

The chief remedy is I/ycopodiwm, a tablet three
times a day; but if there is much acidity at the
same time give Natrwm phosph. instead.

GUMS, SCURVY OF THE (Canker of the Mouth).

Offensive smell in the mouth with a glutinous

bloody discharge from the gums, which are hot, red,

uzz " zcj— mr-

-- T-- Dorr.

•-•TltnlH

-xu. . ■.H.if;

homoeopathy is very successful, hut the selection of
the needful constitutional medicines is usually be-
yond the parents' province, the regular family phy-
sician being the one to advise.

Treatment. Aconite will prove beneficial when
the head is hot and there is a bursting feeling — the
child is restless and very sensitive.

Belladonna is the principal remedy for headaches
in full blooded children who cannot stand any jar
or noise and feel better in a darkened room. Some-
times the pain comes and goes rapidly and is worse
on the right side.

Bryonia when the headache is accompanied with
coated tongue and costive bowels. Child is thirsty
and wants to remain perfectly qniet; complains of
the pain immediately on rising in the morning.

Nux. Headache due to stomach disorder from
mixed diet, coffee, tea, with constipation, from over-
study. Catarrhal headache, when the nose is
stopped up at night. Child becomes irritable in
consequence.

SvXpkur. Headaches recurring periodically,
every week or two. Child suffers with burning feet,
kicks off the bed clothes at night, has very red lips,
dry skin, does not perspire.

Ccdcarea phot, is another constitutional remedy
for headaches in rapidly growing children and at
time of puberty.

the parts with water containing a mild Carbolized
glycerine solution is grateful. After bathing use
some dusting powder.

Apis is a useful remedy to begin treatment with,
followed by Natrum mur. " A dose should be taken
every two hours.

Pulsatilla after errors in diet ; rich food.

Arsenicum in obstinate cases, and when due to
ices, fish or tainted food.

HOARSENESS.

Is a usual symptom accompanying colds, and
passes away with the other symptoms. If persistent,
sipping warm milk and water and taking a few
doses of one of the following remedies will usually
cure it speedily :

Carbo when the hoarseness is worse morning and
evening and after talking.

Causticum, if associated with soreness of chest,
cough, better drinking cold water.

Phosphor, if hoarseness is worse in the evening
and larynx feels sore when talking.

A dose of the selected remedy may be taken every
hour.

INFLUENZA (La Grippe).

True grippe is an infectious disease characterized

by fever, great prostration, catarrhal symptoms,

INDIGESTION.

The various dyspeptic conditions of infants, from
simple indigestion to various forms of bowel trouble,
ending with the dreaded cholera infantum, or sum-
mer complaint, form by far the most frequent dis-
eases of infants, and it is especially in these diseases
where domestic management and intelligent care as
to the diet and surroundings of the little sufferer
can do more than mere medicine, and without which
the best medicinal treatment will be of no avail.
Two factors account for the great prevalence of
these conditions in infants — namely, first, the great
sensitiveness of the whole digestive tract, the mucous
membrane being exquisitely alive to all foreign
impressions so that it will react violently to any-
thing irritating; and secondly — errors in diet and
faulty methods of feeding. Thns the largest number
of dyspeptic victims is furnished by artificial feed-
ing, because hand feeding, in order to be successful,
must be an intelligent and rational procedure.
Most frequently it is some form of starchy food
that first upsets the digestive tract, for it is not
until after the fourth month, practically not until
the first half year is passed, that the salivary glands
enter into functional activity and starchy food
needs the presence of saliva for its perfect diges-
tion, hence if given before this time, it will surely
set up a gastric and intestinal catarrh, the chief
symptoms of which will be some form of diarrhoea.

Again, cow's milk, unless modified by acting upon

>***"

• OS

acter. Instead of one or two discharges, we may
have as many as twenty per day, frequently half a
dozen at least; the consistency is changed, the stools
are thinner, watery, containing whitish lumps of
undigested milk ; often are greenish and offensive.
Of course such a state of things soon shows itself in
the general appearance of the child. It grows thin,
lips blue, nose pointed and cold, extremities cold.
In this way a simple dyspepsia soon develops quite
alarming symptoms.

The child is apt to smell sow, owing to the acid
fermentation of food. It is likely to have thrush,
especially in warm weather. This looks like little
bits of curd adhering to the tongue, cheeks and lips.
Its presence shows a condition unfavorable to the
ready assimilation of food. Attacks of hives and
red gum are also certain signs of digestive derange-
ment.

See that every simple diarrhoea is attended to —
not suppressed by chalk mixture or opium, but
cured — by rectifying the diet and giving the appro-
priate homoeopathic remedy.

The best guide to the digestibility of any article
of diet is watching baby's growth in stature and
weight and examination of the stools. Remember
that mere increase in weight, however, is not always
the desirable thing it looks to be ; the flesh must be
firm, not flabby ; the skin of that beautiful mottled
character so indicative of health. We often see ab-
normally fat, flabby children after exclusive diet of
condensed milk and various starchy foods, but f at-

-/= 173

ness and flabbiness is often associated with rickety
bones and a similar condition of the mucous mem-
branes, by which the child takes cold so very readily
from the slightest chill or atmospheric impurity.

Treatment. The treatment of dyspepsia and the
consequent gastro-intestinal catarrh and wasting
consists mainly in removing the cause and sur-
rounding the little patient with the best possible
conditions for his physical comfort and well being.
Look to the food and then to the method of its prep-
aration and administration.

Breast-milk is the only proper food for infants,
and practically there is no safe substitute but good
cow's milk prepared to meet the infant's needs, so
long as the front teeth are not cut through. Articles
containing starch, like arrowroot, sago, potatoes,
crackers and all patent foods must not be depended
upon as food for very young infants.

The best treatment for the acute dyspeptic symp-
toms is to secure rest for the stomach and body. If
there is continued nausea or retching, teaspoonful
doses of ice water or some effervescing water like
German Seltzer may be preferable. Good results
are obtained from giving Albumen water. The cold
water may be followed by small, frequent doses of
thin barley water; later equal parts of veal broth
and barley water, given cold and in small quan-
tities. This can be changed to mutton or chicken
broth, given in the same way. During this time
heat should be applied to abdomen and extremities

and child kept perfectly quiet. Then on attempting
milk give it sparingly and freely diluted with barley
water. The feeding should be done very cautiously.
Never give more than can be digested, in order to
prevent fresh irritation and to save the energy both
of the digestive organs and the body at large. On
returning to milk, it may be necessary to add lime
water for a time, especially if there is much acidity.
Take at first one part of milk, later two, and add
equal parte of barley water and somewhat less of
lime water. If the child is much prostrated, five
drops of old brandy in a teaspoonf ul of cold water
may have to be given every hour or oftener, but do
not administer any alcoholic stimulant without your
physician's advice, if this is obtainable.

If during the hot weather season a child is sud-
denly attacked with vomiting, prostration and purg-
ing, it will be best for you to notify your doctor to
call, put the child for a few minutes in a hot bath,
then carefully dry it and wrap in warm blankets.
Apply heat to extremities and abdomen, and give a
drop or two of camphor spirits. An excellent stim-
ulating food can easily be made by beating up the
yellow of one egg with two tablespoonfuls of wine
and five tablespoonfuls of water. This is readily
assimiliated. In severe digestive disturbances,
where milk cannot be borne, Carrot Soup is to be
tried. The carrots are boiled and passed through
the finest sieve and mixed with beef broth.

Return very slowly and cautiously to the ordin-
ary diet, relying for a time on some of the gruels.

175

milk and one-half soda water given cool. Kumyss
is a refreshing and delicious beverage and fills a
want often felt in the dietetics of invalids. When
ehildren ean be persuaded to take it, for they object,
as a rule, to the sour taste, it is much to be recom-
mended.

Next in importance to the regulation of the food
is attention to general hygienic measures.

Pure air is essential. The confined and polluted
air of many rooms, especially in boarding-houses
and among the poorer classes, in tenements, are
productive of the disease. But even in our best
houses it is but too often that the nursery and
sleeping apartments lack fresh air. Do not let the
regulation of the ventilation be in charge of your
servants. See to it yourself, and never permit the
drying of wet napkins in the rooms where your
baby sleeps or plays. Pure, cool air acts as. a nerve
tonic, and the warmer the weather the more im-
portant to ke.ep the baby out of doors. Many a
little patient with diarrhoea and vomiting will sleep
peacefully, and rapidly improve in the fresh, open
air, when it but languishes and wastes away within
doors. See that the bed is cool and dry. Some-
times a wire-woven mattress, with a soft blanket
over it is an agreeable change; or, again, a ham-
mock swung in some desirable place will bring
comfort not found elsewhere.

Then remember in these dyspeptic conditions the
flannel bandage. Indeed, this should never be taken
away until the sixth month, and must be kept on so

I*

i<n.lt m tttf 'Jj*r4»'Mi wan-noe*. J6n stilt «m« tanm
*.* I !,.> I I (w f**-i « j>- «J h tji't wumm. anit alii* yrangiHT
I lib 'l.il'l Me fMur* 1 Mpurlaeai lliL* ik>. JliisO wafcit
li.i. sj.li/1 mm fori tutti jfralfflTall *m.;i>imuHtfi ;» ywm
tuatl l/nli.y'* t'»-a iff'fTK an *t$#m time, and! iroay
iiutsii.V olmiil'l l»i (ifm-IM with swii a ..fesurcibie

Illtlil'V, If »l ftll (I'-wiWc

('ulilo fit" VfH',v Until" in prodoee these tumbles,
iia[n.i;iully (IhI'Iiii! Ili'nt Hltil second periods of derrti-
Unit, llinqii lii'iim Hip ('"III catching periods of s
ulillil 4 lifu IVulM therefrom especially the chest,
ululiiimut, itiiylia mul li^N, Include in your baby's
iiliIIU uu iititm I'tihliitr Imtr for hot water. By means
nf i| ttu.it mm tin t)tv«H tvmlily in the quickest and
must titHi.ihvu \\u,\, tttul iitntiy a case of colic re-
lUAt.it uilhmit moil mi no ami much urying.

Cti/i.l ..'....'.». m .mil wiwt itwist upon. It is
« Mum Ida imnn'n ivtti bo prevailed upon to change
lltv ii.tiikiu-, nUoii i-imttiih the wry moment that it
i» lit.-. I. .i,i vilvtl. Ttw part* should be washed
t'.hh liiLni mul itu..K\l ftiih eviruatarch. This will
piwiui ilti.iu^, tth'.h wmi Id bo inevitable, espe-
ii i'Iji a i hi' 11 tp'uUn ,tio ii. -i :-h'i"uit'iiy nn&iii wid
iU.i.1 Ivmu u.,..^.

•? ( i.. .:.,■ ili,' i.ii.u' !kk!j hi h»t. HtiHther with cool
w.i.i n-m- .>r untv .i di^v. Wd a little salt or
. -..■\-<\. Il.,w iii t - . ii'.u.!.,; ,ii.,t hod ciuthiufi clean.
w. i i ...1 i-..l ik.)...-i..U .;i.«.f,<\t. If the baby is
w, '■% . I w,.-..,l, -.iv '».'* 'lx-ui rtuUimg ail owor.

. ..-,■,, ,'i\ ,'i,li'. ,.,,., ;u'*u u,!n .Ukl nnies, with

Among the many remedies the physician has at
his command, there are a few which are frequently
indicated, among which are ChamormUa when the

child is very fretful, peevish, has green stools, sour
vomiting, much colic, head hot and sweaty, and one
cheek red and the other pale.

Ipecac with much vomiting of food and green
mucus, stools as if fermented and grass green.

Calcarea is an invaluable medicine for scrofulous
or ill-nourished children, for protracted teething or
defective growth, chronic diarrhcea, whitish, sour
stools and much sweat on head, feet feel damp, ab-
domen apt to be large.

Be sure and call in your physician early if the
child has been exposed- to any contagious disease
or shows signs of serious illness. Until he comes
put the child to bed, give little food, all the water
he wants, and exclude all other children from the
room. Keep him quiet,

JAUNDICE.

Jaundice is characterized by yellowness of the
whites of the eyes and the skin, whitish or clay-
colored stools, and saffron-colored urine. It is at-
tended with more or less derangement of the digest-
ive functions. Jaundice is caused by gallstones,
diesase of the liver, super-abundance of bile, im-
proper food, cold or sudden emotions, etc.

The treatment must include careful attention to

INFECTIOUS

DISEASES

Incubation

Period

Dale of definite illness

Quar-

"SB*

Infection erases

Appears j^ 1 "
fade

r«

■— ■*»

i.tdayandj
following days

4th'

aodaya

When every scab
has fallen off.

DvUWi.

a to m days

■ a daya

In 4 weeks, if no
discharge, or al-
bumin, and if bac-

and . throat be

frn-u

7 to iB days
longer

and to +th'

4th to
7tb

aoday.

In not leu thai,

'".ra 1 " * r f m T

MwU.

:o to i 4 days

4tb day.
Highly infec

d'ays before

Jib to
7th

aya

In not less than
a weeks from ap-
pearance of rash.

Nii>

ia to 39 days

* 4dW "

In not less than 3

when' i weeE
has elapsed since
subsidence of all

swelling.

Scarlet

■sjar

and

S th

When desquama-
and' albuminuria
never in less than

S..1W

"»'""■

3 rd or 4 th

i oth

.6 day.

When every scab
has disappeared.

W

7 usually 7 *'

8th or oth

a, st

»*"

^'bjec^re:

Tj*a-

S ".',SbT'

5th

.. 4 .b

14 days

"cHB*

The whooping

weeks"ai?
though infec

a i days

ment, provide'! all
have ceased for

diet, avoiding meat and coffee. Fruit, gruel, lemon-
ade are useful and grateful to the patient.

ChamormUa is the principal remedy, to be fol-
lowed in two days by Mercurius. Give a dose every
two hours.

LEUCORRHOEA (Infantile Whites).

Little girls, particularly those of a scrofulous con-
stitution, or who are not kept scrupulously clean, are
liable to a discharge from the vagina. Most fre-
quently it is caused by pin-worms.

The treatment consists in keeping the parts clean
so far as washing externally can do it, but do not
attempt to give any injection or other local treat-
ment without a physician's advice.

Bathe the parts with a lotion of Hydrastis tinct-
ure and give Calcarea internally.

MATERNAL MASKS.

These spots which appear on the skin are the
result of a failure in the organic tissues of the skin,
and usually of an excessive development of the
minute capillaries. A course of remedies, especially
Radium, Calcarea and Lycopodium, often is most
beneficial. Give two doses daily, alternating every
week.

MARASMUS.

This is a slow wasting away of the whole body,
practically a starvation due to lack of proper food

.-■ .: a. Mast frequently met with
r-s. icti aspeeially in cities md

-f i*«*. The main thine in the
■ -r i^d ^iflwient food. See cnap-

-:. icd I"<i:i»stion.)

i urn w:ih a flannel band, and
(. ^pi-cjr daily with warm water.

\ ■•• w >»:y with olive oiL
-,.;-» 12* Cftfrwfo preparations.
Nor ire — f — ."St important.

F

u'l'i.'iiw u:ii 'i'Uia*rmi» disease associated
.er imi in a-iauHimcmn if ^iw entire skin,

tOJUfc Ai*.r.{ '(•» i^'.t *x*l-r- i-JXVZZ*. it

nc .1 i-.ti a i-r H«i, »;a J -il.il foi-
rjt. .r..»»i!.T«» um ninoiiir. Tljere ss
u *...e, K nt'*an.jie ujti tcitiut; in Gnu Haibs;
»j:j*"i 'he inn^ii m«,v bu «iph, tfwo* may
•mu.«n umi vomiting; tlit* urinw is dark
,j ihem .'s it f'siiKiiiiin, iic,y ^wintfti TVs*
;iv*iii« ^vmlutuly \v*insu, uo; tdur tftirdl
„ ..o-uiufrtturti with i«i ;iirtftoi«mCiuni df

nuw ■» i ''MM'*' Miii 'mr*ni)jf iitti.-thtttas

«,. h* «-<*a^H "»>*«»hss 1 h»D« «n£ riSwn

H.^WM«w*.-n tw, nt« Ml «ni;-thHwSs

| "** ,?«*. vj,^ ¥ ; htwiiii«r. -watery

L_

appearance and are sensitive to the light. The
eruption usually appears on the fourth day, and
first appears on the neck and forehead, then on the
cheeks and noee. On the fifth day it appears on
the body, arms, and lastly, ou the legs. The char-
acter of this eruption is that it seems to collect into
erescentie, or half-moon, horse-shoe-shaped, patches.
Its color is dusky red, and feels rough to the touch,
The skin between these patches is usually clear,
thereby distinguishing the disease from scarlet
fever, where the skin is uniformly red. The erup-
tion usually stays out about two days, and then com-
mences to fade, and it fades as it appeared: first
from the neck and lastly from the extremities. The
cough, coryza and hoarseness decline about the
seventh day, and about the eighth or tenth day a
diarrhoea is liable to appear. There is usually loss
of appetite and a white furred tongue. When the
eruption is well out, the fever disappears gradually.
After the inflammation of the skin subsides, there
is a peeling off of a bran-like, scaly scurf from the
surface of the skin, which is called desquamation.
These scales are not infectious, like those of scarlet
fever.

Causes. Measles is due to a specific poison, and
is communicated by contact, by clothing, etc., or by
the air. It is liable to appear in epidemics, and of
the contagions diseases is probably the most con-
tagious of all. One attack generally gives im-
munity from another.

Duration. Id uncomplicated cases, about two
weeks from the appearance of the first symptom;
but the patient cannot be said to be out of danger
of complications until the expiration of three weeks.

Dangerous Symptoms. A dry dark tongue and
lips; persistent vomiting and diarrhoea setting in
after the disease has run its course. When there is
loss of consciousness and great weakness. When
there is a rapid, feeble pulse and a hurried respira-
tion, and where there is a low muttering delirium.
Congestion of the lungs and cold extremities; and
when the rash is purplish or black, constituting the
malignant, or black, measles, whose usual termina-
tion is death.

Complications. The complications of measles
are more dangerous than the disease itself. They
most often occur through suppression of the rash
through chilling of the body. This causes con-
gestion of the lungs and other internal organs, and
we have broncho-pneumonia, pneumonia or bron-
chitis as a result. In scrofulous children, glandular
swellings are apt to occur. The eyes may become
sore — conjunctivitis; or the ears may inflame and
run— otitis. These latter are frequent complica-
tions. We may also have nosebleed and diarrhoea,
which, if not persistent, are not dangerous.

Treatment — Preventive. After exposure to the
contagion, the diet should be mild, the feet should
be kept warm and dry, and all exposure to cold

avoided. A dose of Pulsatilla night and morning
alone, or in alternation with Aconite, may render
the disease milder. , Pulsatilla may be administered
when the disease is prevailing as an epidemic.

Hygienic. This is the most important in the
treatment of measles. Guard against taking cold
very carefully. The patient should be kept in bed
until the eruption has disappeared, and in. the room
until the twenty-first day, to avoid complications.
The room should be darkened, so that the eyes will
not suffer. The room should be warm and well
ventilated. The patient's hands and face should be
sponged with tepid water very often; it is very
grateful to the patient, and adds much to his com-
fort. The diet should be mild — the usual fever
diet, viz: broths, bread and milk, crackers, gruels,
wine whey, toast water, etc. For drinks, when
thirst is present, cold water; it is a mistake to think
that a patient sick with measles should not drink
cold water. Slightly acid drinks are grateful. Flax-
seed or slippery-elm teas are very good to quiet the
distressing cough. Sometimes a glycerine jujube,
or malt bonbon, or rock-eandy, will prove bene-
ficial. Care must be taken in guarding against a
chill when the patient first goes out of doors. A
change of air is a very excellent tonic for the
measles convalescent. A child will be allowed to
return to school at the end of a month, provided
that all cough and desquamation have ceased and
that there is no discharge from either eyes, ears or
nose.

185

Medicines. Every hour or two, according to the
severity of the symptoms.

Aconite. This is the best remedy we have for
the beginning of measles. It corresponds to the
fever and hot dry skin, and heat in the head, red-
ness of the eyes and dread of light, the weakness,
cough and coryza. It is especially indicated if the
patient is very restless, tossing about in bed.

Gelsemiitm should be given if the patient is
quiet, drowsy, languid, with headache and feverish-
ness.

Pulsatilla is most useful when the catarrhal
symptoms predominate. The eruption is tardy and
Blow in appearing, and the symptoms are worse
towards evening. There is derangement of the
stomach. The cough is dry at night, and apt to be
loose during the daytime; there is also earache.
Patient desires to be uncovered. It is of no use
when there is any fever.

BeUad&mia. Sore throat, thirst, difficulty in
swallowing. Dry, spasmodic cough, worse at night ;
headache and inflammation of the eyes, congestion
and delirium.

Bryonia. Imperfectly developed eruption ; it
hastens its appearance. Cough and pain in the
chest increased by breathing; oppressed respira-
tion.

Ferrvm pkos. The most important remedy when
chest symptoms predominate. Cough, painful res-

piration, fever, if at all severe, call for this remedy.
It may be alternated, with advantage frequently,
with Bryonia or Pulsatilla, according to. the indi-
cations.

Hepar, to finish up the course, especially for the
remaining cough.

GERMAN MEASLES.
This is a hybrid between measles and scarlet
fever. It is very .contagious, but is a mild disease
and not followed by complications. The initial
symptoms resemble measles. There is moderate
fever, sore throat and a rash. The latter may show
itself without other disturbance. It is seen first on
the face ; then spreads over entire body. The dura-
tion is about three days.

Treatment. Light diet, an even temperature and
a few doses of Aconite pellets are all that is re-
quired. If severe symptoms show themselves, con-
sult the remedies under Measles.

MOUTH.
Cold-sores often seat themselves around the
mouth, and some children and families are predis-
posed to them. In such cases, a course of Natrum
mux. taken occasionally will prove effective in les-
sening or removing the tendency. For the attack
itself, the application of Spirits of Camphor, or
Tincture of Capsicum will speedily eure.

Ulcerations of the corners of the mouth and
chapped lips are met with; sometimes due to a
faulty digestion, and again to a scrofulous taint.
I have much faith in the application of Hydrastis
Qh/cerole, and internally administering a few doses
of Condtirtmgo 3x. Children often have sores
around the mouth and chin which must he treated
locally with Hydrastis Cerate, and internally with
Cicuta, especially when they form thick, yellow
seabs and burn and itch. There, is also much dis-
position to grind the teeth. A dose three times a
day for a few days will generally cure the dis-
order.

Aphthous sore mouth, or thrush, occurs in nurs-
ing-children. Little specks, like curd, form in
mouth and on tongue. The food and utensils must
be looked into, and perfect cleanliness must be
observed. The month should be washed with a
weak solution of Borax, about ten grains to an
ounce of water, after every feeding. The old-
fashioned borax and honey is a soothing applica-
tion. Internally, the chief remedy is Mercwrius
cor. 6x, a dose every two hours. If necessary, after
a few days, a few doses of Sulphur 6x may be given j
which course will generally cure the disorder.

MOUTH-BREATHING.

The nose is the proper entrance for the air

breathed. Air entering thus passes above the hard

and soft palate to the back of the throat, where a

tube (called the Eustachian) leads air into the
portion of the ear which is concerned in hearing.
If there is any obstruction to this free entrance of
air, the child becomes deaf, or dull of hearing.
Such conditions obtain in catarrh, during and after
the grippe, enlarged tonsils and adenoid growths.
The nose is the proper entrance and exit for the air
breathed, and the child should be able to breathe
easily with the mouth closed. If he cannot, and
keeps the lips parted, there is something wrong
with the nose or throat, and a physician should be
consulted. Hom<eopathic constitutional remedies
will go far to correct these defects, even reduce
enlarged tonsils and adenoids (which see) ; but in
severe cases, operative measures may be required.

MUMPS.

Is accompanied by fever, but not by inflammation ;
the salivary glands in the front of the ear undergo
a soft and painful swelling of the lower portion
below the angle of the jaw, causing must disfigure-
ment of the face. In the course of scarlet fever a
similar swelling, but preceded by redness of the
skin, results in discharge and requires medical aid,
as it tends to become hardened. When it occurs
after taking cold, it usually disperses in eight days,
if warm applications are employed, and

Mercurius every three hours, one tablet.

Belladonna, if the pain becomes violent.

18B

pain is often referred to the abdomen and the parent
fears appendicitis. It is no uncommon thing to
confonnd acute pulmonary disease with appendi-
citis. A physician should be called, but until his
arrival give Aconite, a dose every half hour. Later,
follow with Bryonia, when the patient is afraid of
making any movement because every breath gives
him a stitch in the aide. His breathing is short,
labored, anxious; tongue coated, and very thirsty.

Sulphur comes in after the acute symptoms have
passed away. It will help to absorb the effusion
and prevent relapse.

Locally, a compress of hot water, or cotton bat-
ting jacket upon a layer of Antip/dogistine, is ex-
cellent.

PNEUMONIA.

This is a serious disease, running a regular course,
most frequently seen after the third year, and
usually attacks healthy children, unlike broncho-
pneumonia, (which see). It is due to infection by
a specific micro-organism. The onset is sudden and
rapid; high temperature; rapid breathing; quick
pulse; great restlessness; dry, painful cough; pain
in chest, sometimes elsewhere. There may be de-
lirium and headache, About the fifth to the ninth
day, a change takes place — the crisis — with marked
amelioration of all symptoms. Temperature drops,
a profuse sweat sets in, and sometimes collapse
symptoms show themselves, needing immediate at-

tention. In this disease, careful nursing and skill-
ful medical care are most essential, and these should
always be provided. A cotton-batting jacket should
be applied in every ease. Light and air are of the
utmost value in this disease.

The. diet during the fever should be liquid — milk
broths and water, grape juice and oranges. When
the temperature falls, care must be taken to support
the patient by more nourishing food — beef-tea,
meat juice, eggs and, possibly, stimulants.

Aconite is the first remedy. It is indicated for
the sudden attack, high fever, restlessness, anxious
breathing, hot skin, etc. A dose should be given
every quarter of an hour for six doses ; then alter-
nate with Bryonia, giving a dose of each every hour.
Later, substitute

Phosphorus, when there is much pressure com-
plained of over the heart, difficult breathing, much
hacking cough.

Later, Tartar emetic and Sulphur come into play,

PHIMOSIS.

The contracted foreskin in boy babies is the usual
thing and needs no attention unless it is very severe.
I do not think circumcision is advisable except in
rare cases. Should there be inflammation of the
parts or difficulty of urinating or undue constric-
tion, it is well enough to interfere surgically, other-
wise not.

192

The prepuce exists as a protection for Hie deli-
cate nerve terminals of the glftns until the develop-
ment of manhood no longer requires it. And then
it slowly and naturally retracts if not adherent to
the giaiis. I do not think complete retraction of
the prepoee needful for the sake of cleanliness in
childhood. Nature will care for that if let alone

In most cases the foreskin adjusts itself to condi-
tions of perfect cleanliness at the time of puberty,
if not before. Circumcision is a relic of barbarous
and semi-civilized times, before soap and water and
sanitation had been preached. It no doubt served
a useful purpose among the nomadic tribes of trop-
ical countries. But in these days physicians should
cease to preach or impose upon their patients an
unnecessary and irrational mutilation.

But there are cases in little boys where the accu-
mulation of smegma underneath the foreskin leads
to irritation and possibly to masturbation, which
can be remedied by circumcision. A physician
should be consulted in all cases where the child
screams continually, is restless or where the parts
are red, swollen, or otherwise irritated.

PROLAPSUS ANI (Falling of the Bowel).

A protrusion of the mucous lining of the rectum
through the anal orifice, after the action of the
bowel, which goes back of Itself, or is easily re-
placed.

103

Causes. Constipation or diafrbcea, purgatives,
much straining, or being allowed to ait too long at
stool. Homoeopathy possesses two remedies that
usually prove specific. They are Ignatia and Podo-
phyllum, Give a dose of a few pellets of Ignatia
after stool, and in teething-children, or when the
protrusion accompanies diarrhoea, give Podo-
phyllum.

RHEUMATISM.

Acute inflammatory rheumatism is a severe dis-
ease, not only on account of the pain and fever, but
especially of the danger of resulting heart disease.
The chief symptoms are pain and swelling of joints,
sore throat and profuse sour perspiration, which
gives no relief to the suffering. The temperature
may be very high throughout the attach, which
usually lasts from three to six weeks.

The chief points in the treatment are absolute
rest in bed, long after the disappearance of all acute
symptoms, to avoid overtaxing the heart and thus
favoring the production of chronic lesions; flannel
night-dress and rest between blankets.

The diet should consist of milk and gruels prin-
cipally, and, later, broths. The affected parts
should be wrapped in cotton-batting.

In this disease the most careful nursing and
treatment are required, and the little sufferer should
have the benefit of a skilled and gentle nurse be-
sides the best medical attention.

The .rheumatic diathesis is expressed frequently
in attacks of tonsillitis, chorea, growing pains, re-
current nosebleed, etc.

Among medicines the best are Aconite, Ferrwm
pkos., Bryonia and Rhus.

Aconite is usually the first remedy when there is
high fever, restlessness, hot skin, and parts red,
swollen and very painful.

Bryonia. Parts much swollen, the least motion
is unbearable ; child has headache, constipation and
great thirst, and is very irritable.

Ferrwm pkos. may be given in alternation with
Bryonia it the fever is high but child is not restless
or excited.

Rhus, if the attack has been caused from getting
wet and the child seems to be restless because he is
worse when keeping the parts perfectly quiet.

A dose of the selected remedy should be given
hourly.

Rheumatic children should wear flannel under-
clothing, drawers as well as undershirts. Great
care must be had in keeping the feet warm and dry.
Rubbers must be worn in wet weather. See that
the feet are warm on going to bed. Remember the
danger to the heart, also tendency to tonsillitis and
chorea.

RICKETS

Is a disease of hand-fed children or otherwise run

down, which shows itself in weak, flabby muscles

UP

and an undue softness of the bones, due to a lack of
lime-salts. Abdominal distension is very marked.

Rickets is rarely congenital and not hereditary,
and is produced most commonly by improper food
and unhygienic conditions; especially deficiency of
fresh air and sunlight and also deficiency in fat in
the food. Reduce the strength to a given point and
Rickets begins. The first dentition usually mani-
fests it.

The diagnosis of Rickets is usually easy enough.
Nocturnal restlessness, profuse sweating about the
head and upper part of the chest. Great desire to
he cool and kick off the bedclothes, even in cold
weather; weak legs, large wrists and weak spine;
painful sensitiveness of all parts of the body. Gen-
eral fiabbiness and anemia.

Teeth are cut late. Sometimes a year goes by be-
fore the first tooth appears.

A rickety child is very susceptible to changes of
temperature, and hence presents catarrhal symp-
toms. Remember these, the muscular debility and
nerve disturbances. It is liable to fits — a convuls-
ive tendency, then, is marked in this diathesis.
Both the muscles and nerves are weak and irritable.

Treatment. Since the quality of food is wrong
in the production of Rickets, this must be rectified.
Usually there is too little fat and too much carbo-
hydrates in the food. Banish all condensed miUc
and tinned, starchy food. The treatment requires
minute attention to details. It is improper feed-

ing, bad ventilation and neglect generally that pro-
duced it — hence reform the diet, provide pure air
and absolute cleanliness. Fine division of the food
must be insured. Country air, out-of-door life, sea-
shore, offer favorable conditions. Salt water bath-
ing and oil inunctions form part of the treatment
to be given. Nourishing food is essential — milk,
broths, meat, fruit and Cod-liver oil. Fresh fruit
juices, grapes and oranges. The fats that ought to
be given are cream, bacon-fat and yolk of egg.
Fresh whole unsterilized milk and raw meat juice.
Among medicines, Calcarea phos. is the principal
remedy, to be followed by Silica. Massage of the
abdomen and the use of an elastic abdominal belt is
advisable. It reduces the distension, helps breath-
ing and growth of abdominal muscles.

RINGWORM.

This is a troublesome, parasitic skin disease, ap-
pearing in various parts of the body in oval or cir-
cular patches, from half an inch to several inches
in diameter. It itches and causes much irritation
and scratching.

The treatment must be mainly local, but internal
remedies assist in the cure, as the disease needs not
only the parasitic germ but a suitable soil to de-
velop in. This latter is changed by the internal
remedies. Among these Sepia is the most import-
ant. A dose three times a day for a week. If not
greatly benefited, substitute TeUwrwm in the same

doge- Locally, absolute cleanliness by washing with
tar soap, and then apply Carbol&ted vaseline. The
disease is very catching, and no healthy child should
be permitted to sleep with one affected with T^ing-
woim or use the same comb or brush.

SCARLET FEVER
An acute, infectious and contagious disease, char-
acterized by a diffused scarlet eruption, which ter-
minates in desquamation, and is accompanied by
high fever and sore throat.

Symptoms. About three to ten days after ex-
posure, according to the receptive condition of the
child's system, the patient is usually subjected to a
chill, and sometimes vomiting (in infants, convul-
sions), followed by high fever, with great heat and
rapid pulse. The tongue is coated and sore throat
is complained of. Usually the onset is sudden with
fevers and sore throat. Then there comes an erup-
tion; it may appear on the first day if the fever
runs very high, but mostly on the second day. It
consists of a bright scarlet rash appearing on the
neck and chest, spreading over the entire body
within a few hours. The throat now increases in
soreness, making swallowing difficult and there may
be ulcers on the tonsils. The tongue is heavily
coated and covered with little spots of bright red
whifih show through the white coating, giving the
appearance of a strawberry, hence giving rise to
the term "strawberry tongue/'
188

The fever from the first is very high, and as the
eruption spreads it rises to a. great height, the tem-
perature being 106° at times; the skin is intensely
hot to the examining hand ; the pulse, even in mild
eases, is above 100 and often runs to 125 and higher.
There is also headache, great restlessness and delir-
ium. Diarrhoea also is quite common.

These symptoms continue, with more or less
severity, for the first four or five days, when the skin
pales and gradually peels off in small scales gener-
ally, but sometimes in large pieces. At this period
the kidneys are apt to become affected.

In the malignant form, fortunately not frequent,
the eruption is dark and does not Come out well.
There is high fever, delirium, great debility, glands
swollen and ulcerated, sore throat, with profuse
nasal discharge. The prostration may be so great
that the patient may sink in a few hours.

The prognosis depends upon the character of the
attack and the epidemic. Simple cases recover
nicely and without any sequelae under careful
homoeopathic treatment. Malignant cases are al-
ways grave and require the most assiduous Care oh
the part of physician and nurse. Especially must
the patient be carefully kept from colds during the
desquamative period. The mortality of this disease
under allopathic treatment is very great, ranging
from 15 to 25 per cent. It is much less under
homoeopathic treatment, and devoid of after effects.

Treatment. The patient must b'e kept m quar-
antine for six weeks.

1M

a sheet and blanket should form the covering for
the patient, who ought to lie on a hair mattress.
The room should be freed from unnecessary cur-
tains, hangings and furniture. Adjust the light in
the room so as to be most grateful to the patient.

Sponging of the surface of the body with tepid
water moderates the great heat and allays restless-
ness, quiets delirium and favors sleep. A wet com-
press around the throat always relieves. Sponging
with diluted acetic acid (vinegar), one to six of
warm water, three times a day, is very useful, modi-
fying the desquamation. The wet pack has a well-
earned reputation, but requires skill and experience,
but is needed less under homoeopathic treatment.
In case of tardy eruption or suppression, a hot bath
should be given. During convalescence great care
must be taken against taking cold. Change of air
will greatly help to restore full recovery. During
desquamation the restlessness, nervousness and
sleeplessness are at times very trying. Sometimes a
general anointing of the body with olive oil is most
soothing for these conditions. It is useful, too, to
prevent the spread of the contagion.

Diet. Milk alone or with aerated water, thin
gruel, arrowroot, oranges, grapes, and cooked fruits
are grateful and permissible.

Medicines. Aconite is the remedy at the com-
mencement of the illness or before its true nature is
recognized. It is called for by the fever, hot, dry
skin, thirst, restlessness and headache.

201

.sily, and are troubled with unhealthy
iiu« uies and abscesses form, and do not heai

L -'• nt. Much is accomplished by diet,
' iD iir, bygieDe, and especially by a course of
^'hic treatment. Since the aim is to change
.~*~ -'■' fution by medicines adapted to the defects,
Hme and patience, but the good results will
'_ ■'■ show themselves. The scrofulous child
* • to develop chronic lesions from the slightest
Dampness, coMfiesS and impurity of atmos-
must be avoided. Cold and wet (not dry
is a sure depressor of vitality. Strict attefl-
ro habits. Early to bed and late to rise, thus
■ sleep. Out-door life. Prevent cold and damp
: hence see that rubbers are worn when neces-
- --. Under-clothing must be high-necked and long-
■'■ved. Pure air, sea air, mountain air; avoiding
■ iden changes. Salt water baths; inunctions com
ned with massage ; gymnastics. Constipation must
avoided; abdomen massaged. Food must be
.■wishing and digestible; lamb, beef, eggs, cream,
.lilk; carbo-hydrates sparingly. Sweets, jams,
'.■iiudy, pastry are apt to prolong digestion and de-
velop catarrh. Cod-liver oil should be given after
midday meal, as a rule.

Calcarea is one of the principal remedies; especi-
ally for children whose feet are always cold and
damp; who sweat easily; are inclined to acid stom-
ach; glands swell readily, and great sensitiveness

203

the joints are free. These symptoms are often mis-
taken for rheumatism.

Treatment Orange juice, grape juice, cold
water, and meat juice, ripe bananas ma; be given
when first passed through a fine-meshed sieve; must
be given in addition to the milk; as fruit or vege-
table elements act as a prophylactic of scurvy.
After the prepared foods have been given until a
child is four months old, a spoonful of grape-juice
added to the bottle once a day, bovinine — or, better,
freshly prepared meat juice — will counteract this
tendency, never forgetting to give cold water to
drink. I have used a spoonful of baked potatoes,
sieved, in the bottle of milk once a day, for thin,
scrawny children, and found prompt relief. In
winter, when fruits are not always available, the
following has been of great service : one potato, an
onion, a turnip, all pared, put in two quarts of
water, boiled until the potato falls apart; strain,
salt, and add an ounce to the bottle each feeding;
also beef tea, in which potatoes and carrots have
been boiled and strained off.

All prepared foods mast be stopped.
Arnica and Phosphorus may be given in addition
to strict dietetic measures, a dose every two hours,
alternately.

Calcarea phoa,, if the above prove not sufficient.

feather pillow and substitute a cool hair pillow.
Sponging with vinegar and water is helpful.

Among remedies Calcwea is of most service.
Give one tablet three times a day.

THROAT AFFECTIONS.

Ordinary sore throat usually results from a cold,
exposure to wind, and also from disordered stomach.
The child complains of pain on swallowing; sensa-
tion of splinter in throat; great dryness and con-
striction.

The best treatment consists in a compress of cold
water applied to the throat, and the administration,
first, of

Belladonna, a dose every hour. It is indicated
by the dryness, pain on swallowing, especially
liquids, and red appearance of the throat; tonsils
and glands apt to be swollen.

Mercurius, when the tongue is coated and broad,
showing the imprint of the teeth, and when ulcers
are formed on tonsils. The best preparation for
ulcerated sore throat is Mereur. protoiod 3x, a tab-
let every hour.

Kali rnur., when due to stomach derangements.

TONSILLITIS.

Quite a frequent affection of childhood and early
fe, associated with insanitary and septic oondi-
3na, exposure to cold and wet and malaria, sewer

imperfect chest development and general stunting
of growth. For milder cases a local application of
Glycerole of Tawnvn and the persistent internal ad-
ministration of Calcarea pkos. and Baryta jod. for
several weeks, one in the morning and the other at
night, will prove efficacious. But if the symptoms
are at all obstinate, so far as deafness and stunted
growth is concerned, the proper thing to do is to
have them removed by the surgeon.

TUBERCULOSIS.

Nothing can be attempted in the way of treatment
domestically for this disease, which may present
itself as a local or general disease. It is most prob-
ably due to an infection from the bacillus of Koch,
but needs a favorable ground for its development.
This ground is supplied by the scrofulous and
tuberculous diathesis. (See Scrofula.) The tuber-
culous diathesis is recognized by the spare frame ;
little adipose tissue ; the bright, intelligent eye ; the
delicate, transparent skin; the sharp and quick
perception ; the highly sensitive and intensely affec-
tionate disposition. The subject is anajmic, pale,
thin, teething slow and prolonged. Has frequent
attacks of indigestion, colic and diarrhcea; is tired
easily, unable to enjoy the sports of playmates; is
slow in growth, stoop-shouldered, catches cold
easily; very sensitive to atmospheric changes; hack-
ing cough of cronpy ring. Perspires easily, especi-
ally on head. Glands enlarged, skin is clammy,

TYPHOID FEVER.

This is another infectious continued fever due to
a germ brought into the system through contami-
nated water or milk. Certain parts of the in-
testines, so-called Peyer's patches, are the special
seat of the inflammation. There may be an erup-
tion of rose-colored spots on the abdomen, there
always is a typical fever, great prostration and
nervous disturbances, diarrhcea and wasting. It is
practically unknown in children under two years,
most frequently between six and twelve years. The
onset of the disease is gradual; headache, disturbed
sleep, loss of appetite, constipation and fever being
the usual symptoms, that, instead of yielding to
treatment, increase and persist. The face assumes
a weary, languid expression, tongue becomes dry
and red, nosebleed and bronchial symptoms, crack-
ing and bleeding of the lips. Delirium often is
present. Enlarged abdomen, with tenderness and
gurgling feeling on pressure. The discharges are
light ochre color, copious and liquid as a rule. The
disease lasts from three to six weeks. The great
danger is from perforation of the bowels, due to the
ulceration and hemorrhage, severe diarrhcea and
lung complications are dangerous.

Treatment It is in this disease where modern
scientific nursing accomplishes its greatest results.
Given this, medical treatment has its greatest pos-
sible aid. The room in which the patient is should
211

A„ :n* 'Uacaarges

:..;: ii.v ._.:..: a _a uuney nailer,
-in:'. :..:;*Ton Lir.ta. giv^u re.ni-

urs. i. ; : u <j! i uttr. ii-.-ware ui
p tumiEif fu » ^d luuii luo vax'xy.

■ ^"• r \-Jii <iii:.y irita teiJ!ii water

s. ""i>"» ji-- 1 u.any i.-nera e-ipeci-
Viirvini? •; ■r<l:tiiina. i it oiuy the

i 'lillv «-twt ;..hii. "".ie mwiiuiue
hourly n'it-1 ::nnrnvi>men.t suowa

WARTS.
■ iii*> of i-'Jt'n''-* i* to tw> "onuemned.
j tlwne wwtlw -should have them
My with »r« pntwptK* snap and
u f«w moment* ») n wt»»k bichloride

mint with r>"'in V'Muditm, or

WETTING THE BED.
This is a frequent and troublesome affection of
children, dependent upon causes often difficult to
find out ; it may consist of partial or complete loss
of power to hold the urine. In rare cases, the child
has an almost incessant urging to pass water, which,
if not responded to, results in a painless, involun-
tary discharge.

Causes. Worms; scrofulous constitution; too
large a quantity of warm fluids in the evening ; food
or drink causing an acid state of the urine, etc. It
is usually found in children of a highly nervous
temperament, but not invariably so.

Treatment. This is a very obstinate affection
and remedies frequently prove of little avail. Much
depends upon the faithful training by the nurse.
Sometimes by elevating the foot of the bed so that
the bed forms an angle of 45 degrees with the floor,
the complaint is stopped in such children, where
the urethral shpincter is especially weak. In this
position, the bladder is capable of holding a certain
amount of urine before it reaches the level of the
urethral opening. Among remedies the principal
are: Belladonna, Sulphur and Causticum. Begin
the treatment by giving Sulphur, a dose night and
morning for one week. Then follow with Bella-
donna, a dose every two honrs for one week, chang-
ing to Causticum, should no decided improvement
show itself.

Cina is indicated if the trouble is due to worms.

Pulsatilla, especially for little girls and tender,
delicate children, who cry readily and art chilly,
and if fat food disagrees: Do not punish the child,
for he is not responsible. The child shoilldbe taken
up to urinate one or twd hoars after going to bed.
Gold hip baths in the morning ore beneficial in
these cases.

WHOOPlkG COUGH.
This is another contagious disease' of childhood,
beginning like on ordinary catarrh; It is a parox-
ysmal, spasmodic 1 tfough, consisting o'f violent, rap-
idly interrupted fits of coughing, alternating with
prolonged, shrill, crowing respirations and ending
in vomiting or in the expectoration of thick, glairy
mucus. It occurs mostly in young children, and
the younger the child the greater the danger.

Symptoms: After an incttbationof six days the
attack commences with : a- severe cold, cough, and
fever. The peculiar whoop is heard in about ten
days.

Whooping cough usually commences as a catarrh,
with cough, which returns in fits. In about a week
the cough recurs at shorter intervals, with extreme
severity, the child turning red or almost black in
the face, and appears as if choking, during which
the longs are emptied of air to the last degree ; and
then a long, sonorous inspiration, taken to refill
them, constitutes the "whoop."

This "whoop" is the signal of the child's safety,
for when suffocation does take place it ia before the
crowing inspiration has been made.

The fit passes off with the expectoration of glairy,
ropy mucus, and sometimes with vomiting. Between
the attacks the child is. lively and appears well.
The cough is generally worse at night, so that a de-
cline of nocturnal attacks is a favorable symptom.
But it may be brought back with all its severity by,
exposure, improper food, or by want of careful nurs-
ing. It is often fatal, especially in winter, when
complicated with congestion of the lungs, bronchitis,
pneumonia, etc. This is especially the case in little
patients with tendency to tuberculous trouble or in
those otherwise below par. The patient may seem
perfectly well between paroxysms. The disease
lasts from one to three months, but can frequently
be cut short by homoeopathic treatment and greatly
modified by change of air.

Tr*atment The little patient should have the
benefit of fresh air, and hence he ought to be out of
' doors most of the time in pleasant weather. The
sea shore is especially beneficial. Infection to others
is not to be feared, unless they come in close prox-
imity, which can be prevented. For the very
troublesome night attacks, vaporizing Cresoline in
sick room is of real benefit. The great objection to
it is the persistent odor, which becomes objection-
able to the well members of the household. Some-
times inhalation of steam is equally effective.

213

*»■ larpe and easily wis!
»iu« Ik. dMhif«t«l. A •
"" <<»» or Halt's (V.. p .

ii.l

*""*•■ w,,, dur.i.ii •
"'"< In- h.ini.1; r.
w ^i:iiw' v. .-..I ■

1 e\,'

i.h-

Sulphur. When the phlegm loses its tenacious
character and becomes opaque, showing decline of
the disorder.

It is best to select one remedy for the patient and
use it persistently. Nothing is gained by too fre-
quent change of medicines.

VACCINATION.

So long as there is a law requiring all children
to be vaccinated before entering public schools,
there is nothing to be done but obey the same. Re-
member that the vaccination wound must be treated
in a surgical manner, aseptdcally, otherwise the
wound may become infected and mischief result.
See that the vaccination is properly protected from
contact with the atmosphere, or with soiled clothing.
A protecting pad should always be applied and
every precaution taken that the scab be not knocked
off by violent handling. Frequently children
scratch the wound and thus infect it. Always have
your own physician vaccinate your child.

Much is to be said in favor of internal vaccina-
tion, and in some States — Iowa, for instance— it is
accepted by the health authorities as equally pro-
tective. It consists in the internal administration of
the smallpox poison, Tariolinu-m 30 — a dose night
and morning for several days. The results so far
justify its further employment experimentally.
217

WORMS.

Children are often afflicted with worms, not, in-
deed, as frequently as used to be thought by our
grandmothers; still in these days of artificial feed-
ing, prepared foods of all hinds, quite frequently.
Both round, so-called stomach worms and pin
worms are met with and give rise to many reflex
symptoms. The round worms are. found in the
small intestines and may sometimes work upward
into the stomach or downward into the large bowel
and thus passed with the stool. They may be from
four to twelve inches long.

The thread or pin worms are very slender and
small and are found in the lower part of the large
bowel near the rectal orifice, causing intolerable
itching within and around the anus. They may
invade the vagina in little girls, causing leucorrhcea.

The general symptoms due to worms are chiefly
itching of the nose, grinding of teeth, variable, often
voracious appetite, restless sleep, sallow pale com-
plexion with blue rings under the eyes, fetid breath
and often a tickling cough, especially at night. If
the worms are found passing in the stools the treats
ment is obvious. If none have been found, it is best
to give Santonin 3x tablets, one before meals and on
retiring, for three days, then follow with a spoonful
of Castor oU, which expels the worms, tl none are
passed, it is likely that the symptoms are due to
other causes.

The treatment is simple so far as medicines are
concerned. Give Santonin, as above indicated. For
very young children it is best to give

Cina, especially when they are cross and irrita-
ble, grate the teeth in sleep, have colic and inclina-
■ tion to vomit.

Mercurws and Sulphur, one at night and the
other in the morning may be given, if the above but
partially relieve.

If pin worms are actually present give besides an
injection of lime water and apply sweet oil or vase-
line to the rectum. This must be repeated every
night for at least a week. Do not he dosing chil-
dren constantly for worms unless you are positive
that they exist The disturbances may be due to
wholly different causes, and a physician should be
consulted in all doubtful cases.

INDEX

Abscess 120

Aene 120

Aconite 96

Adenoids 121

Advantages of Homoeopathy 95

Airing 86, 22

Anemia 122

Anklea 123

Antimonium 99

Appetite 124

Arrowroot 41

Artificial respiration 11

Arsenicum 00

Asphyxia 11

Asthma 124

Baby's cry 65

Barley water 38

Baths 89

Beef juice 55, 40

Beef tea 56

Belladonna 100

Bellyband 16

Biliousness 125

Bites and stings 126

Bleeding of nose 126

Boils

Borax water

Bone diseases

Bowel obstruction

Bread crust

" 3«"T

Breasts — swelling 64

Bronchitis 128

Broneho -Pneumonia 131

Bryonia ' 101

Broths 55

Barns 132

Buttermilk 59

CnJcarea 101

CaJcar. phosph. 110

Canker 185

Care of mouth 46

Casein 31, 37

Catarrh 133

Chemical analysis — Milk . . . 30

Cereal admixtures 37

Cereal foods 42

Chafing 135, 61

Chamomilla 102

Ohiekenpox 136

Childhood , 76

Chill 135

Cumulation 137

Clothing 18

Coffee and tea 69

Cotfea 103

Colds 138

Cold compresses 88

Cold sores 187

Colie 14a

Cqlocynthui 103

Colostrum 24

Composition of milk. 32

Condensed milk 39

Constipation 142

Constitutional .taints 115

Corn-meal mush ., , 53

Cord tying 12

Ootifo 94

Coughs 145

Counter irritants 91

Cow's milk 29

Cream 38

Croup 147

Crying 85

Development of special senses 82

Diapering 17

Diarrhoea 149

Diathesis 148

Dressing cord 15

Diphtheria 151

Diseases of ear); infancy 00

Drooling 70

Drosera 104

Dyspepsia 171

Emetics 93

Enema 128

Enuresis 213

Erysipelas 160

Evacuations 84

Exercise 87

Eyelids 166

Eye troubles

Factors in nursing

Falling of bowels

Farina porridge

Ferrum pbos

Flour ball

First bath

Kumyss 177

Laxative foods 144

Length 79

Lencorrbcea 181

Lime water 32

Lyeopodium 105

Magnesia phos. 113

Malt Baths go

Malted Milk 40

Manifestation of disease 118

Marasmus 181

Maternal Marks ' 181

Meconium 84

Measles 182

Meat 58

Mercurius 106

Milk baths 9.0

Milk foods 41

Mistakes in feeding 47

Modifying cow's milfc 33

Mother's milk 28

Mouth breathing 188

Month troubles 187

Mumps 189

Mushes 52

Muscular development 82

Mustard bath 93

Mustard pack 92

Mustard paste 91

Mustard plaster 92

Napkins

Natrum mur.

Natrum phos. and snlph

Nestle's Food

Nettleraah

Nipples i

Night apparel

J

Wetting the bed 213

Wine whey 60

Whooping Cough 214

Worms :... 218

Youth 77

Zwieback 5B

LANE MEDICAL LIBRARY